Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna Using SIW Cavity Hybrid Mode
01 Feb 2018-IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE))-Vol. 66, Iss: 2, pp 972-977
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar high-gain slot antenna backed by a rectangular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented, where a slot antenna placed at the top plate of the proposed cavity is excited by the hybrid mode.
Abstract: In this communication, a planar high-gain slot antenna backed by a rectangular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is presented. The proposed antenna uses a narrow rectangular SIW cavity with high length-to-width ratio. This modifies the conventional sinusoidal field distribution of the cavity modes to generate a hybrid mode field distribution with more field concentration at the center of the cavity. A closed form expression is presented which represents the proposed hybrid mode field distribution as a summation of multiple TEym10 cavity modes. A slot antenna placed at the top plate of the proposed cavity is excited by the hybrid mode. Calculation of far-field radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is presented, which exhibits its potential to produce narrower main beam along with high gain. To validate the concept, a prototype is fabricated in a thin substrate ( ${h} =0.787\,\,\text {mm}$ ). The experimental result shows antenna resonance at 9.5 GHz with high gain of 9.62 dBi.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a via-loaded microstrip magnetic dipole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and gain is proposed and investigated, which is constructed on a long microstrip antenna with three edges shorted and one edge opened.
Abstract: A via-loaded microstrip magnetic dipole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and gain is proposed and investigated. The antenna is constructed on a long microstrip antenna with three edges shorted and one edge opened. The open aperture is equivalent to a magnetic dipole, which serves as the radiation source. In the long cavity, two modes are generated, in which the lower one is half-TE110 mode and the higher one is half-TE310 mode. By loading two sets of shorting vias around the null voltage points of the half-TE310 mode, the resonant frequency of the half-TE110 mode is shifted upward. Then, the two modes are merged to achieve an enhanced bandwidth. Moreover, the superposition of the far fields of the two modes results in a narrowed unidirectional beam, a reduced sidelobe level (SLL), and therefore, an improved gain. The theoretical investigation is validated with simulation results. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the proposed antenna with a low profile of $0.027\lambda _{0}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the wavelength in free space) has an impedance bandwidth of 9.1%, and a peak gain of 10.2 dBi.
24 citations
Cites background or result from "Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..."
...In [9], a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna with a long cavity was proposed for gain enhancement....
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...Second, compared to the high-gain designs in [5], [9], and [16], our prototype shows a wider bandwidth of more than 9% and a comparable gain....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a dual-mode elliptic substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with symmetric arc-shaped slots and two pairs of symmetric arcs on the upper surface of the cavity.
Abstract: Circularly polarized slot antennas based on dual-mode elliptic substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities are proposed in this letter. Current distribution on the dual-mode cavity is analyzed first to facilitate the layout design. The antennas are divided into three categories. For the first one, three unbalanced slots are etched on the upper surface of the cavity with a central rectangular slot placed perpendicularly to the arc-shaped slots on the two sides of the long axis. For the other two antennas, two pairs of symmetric arc-shaped slots are etched on the upper surface of the cavity. One of them has an additional shorting-pin in the center. Circular polarization is achieved by simultaneously exciting two quasi-TM110 cavity modes and combining them in the 5–6 GHz frequency range. The working principle of the dual-mode antennas is theoretically illustrated in detail and experimentally verified. The proposed antennas offer attractive features, including novel working principle, simple structure, low loss, low profile, low cost, and good gain, appearing as good candidates for indoor communication.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna loaded with slots is presented for multiband operations. But, the antenna is designed by loading a rectangular and square-shaped slot onto a rectangular SIW cavity for multi-band radiation.
Abstract: A low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna loaded with slots is presented for multiband operations. This antenna is designed by loading a rectangular and square-shaped slot onto a rectangular SIW cavity for multiband radiation. The slots are created inside the rectangular cavity to induce a hybrid mode (i.e. $${\text{TE}}_{110} + {\text{TE}}_{120}$$
), which supports to radiate a lower resonance frequency. The rectangular slot is used to excite $${\text{TE}}_{120}$$
mode at 5.21 GHz, while square-shaped slot excites hybrid mode at 2.21 GHz. This hybrid mode is obtained by coupling the cavity modes $${\text{TE}}_{110}$$
and $${\text{TE}}_{120}$$
through the metallized via-holes. The designed antenna yields multiband response owing to resonant slots when governed by the inset microstrip feedline. The operating modes are explained with the help of mode theory mechanism. The fabricated antenna comprises with dimensions 30 $$\times$$
30 $$\times$$
1.6 mm3, which is printed on a low-cost Flame Retardant-4 dielectric substrate. To verify the simulated counterparts, the fabricated antenna has been tested, which offers a fractional bandwidth of 6.9% (2.10–2.25 GHz) in the hybrid mode at 2.18 GHz, 8.4% (3.35–3.64 GHz) in the $${\text{TE}}_{110}$$
mode at 3.45 GHz and 10.8% (5.04–5.61 GHz) in the $${\text{TE}}_{120}$$
mode at 5.26 GHz with suitable far-field pattern.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna with an enhanced gain is proposed by etching four parallel transverse slots at the edges of the hexagonal SIW cavity as the radiating elements.
Abstract: A novel low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna with an enhanced gain is proposed. By etching four parallel transverse slots at the edges of the hexagonal SIW cavity as the radiating elements, higher resonance mode of quasi-TM310 can be excited to achieve gain enhancement. A fabricated prototype with a size of 1.3 λ 0 × 1.3 λ 0 × 0.025 λ 0 has been measured. Results show that the proposed design achieves a 10-dB impedance matching bandwidth of 195 MHz and a maximum boresight gain of 10.74 dBi. The proposed antenna exhibits a high front-to-back ratio and low cross-polarisation level. It still retains the advantages of low cost, ease of fabrication, and easy integration with planar circuits, making it a good candidate for low-cost mass-production.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a cavity-backed antenna based on substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) technology is proposed for 77 GHz applications, which is designed to be self-packaged using six substrate layers with embedded air cavities.
Abstract: A cavity-backed antenna based on substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) technology is proposed for 77 GHz applications. The antenna is designed to be self-packaged using six substrate layers with embedded air cavities. Two rows of metal holes surround the core circuit to form the cavity and reduce the leaked field loss. Patches are printed in G5 and G6 layer and connected by metalized holes to form the double-side SISL with part of the substrate excavation to reduce the substrate loss. Thus, the simulation efficiency of better than 93% is achieved. Because of the cavity structure, the standing wave resonant mode can be obtained and achieve broadside radiation. A predominantly TE 710 aperture field is obtained by adjusting the sizes of the backing cavity. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna has a −10 dB bandwidth from 75.6 to 81 GHz, covering 77 GHz automotive radar band and the max gain is 14.4 dBi. Based on this antenna, we design a differential-fed antenna array with a max gain of 17.5 dBi at 79 GHz.
4 citations
References
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17 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical multimode calibration procedure is proposed and developed with a commercial software package on the basis of a full-wave finite-element method for the accurate extraction of complex propagation constants of the SIW structure.
Abstract: The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique makes it possible that a complete circuit including planar circuitry, transitions, and rectangular waveguides are fabricated in planar form using a standard printed circuit board or other planar processing techniques. In this paper, guided wave and modes characteristics of such an SIW periodic structure are studied in detail for the first time. A numerical multimode calibration procedure is proposed and developed with a commercial software package on the basis of a full-wave finite-element method for the accurate extraction of complex propagation constants of the SIW structure. Two different lengths of the SIW are numerically simulated under multimode excitation. By means of our proposed technique, the complex propagation constant of each SIW mode can accurately be extracted and the electromagnetic bandstop phenomena of periodic structures are also investigated. Experiments are made to validate our proposed technique. Simple design rules are provided and discussed.
1,356 citations
"Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..." refers methods in this paper
...The resonant frequency of the SIW cavity modes can be determined from the equivalent length and width of the SIW cavity following the procedure described in [21] and [22]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components, as well as their application in the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre wave region.
Abstract: Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents an emerging and very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre-wave region. SIW structures are generally fabricated by using two rows of conducting cylinders or slots embedded in a dielectric substrate that connects two parallel metal plates, and permit the implementation of classical rectangular waveguide components in planar form, along with printed circuitry, active devices and antennas. This study aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components.
1,129 citations
"Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..." refers background in this paper
...Recently, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology has emerged as a promising candidate to implement bulky waveguidebased circuits in planar substrate for high-frequency microwave and millimeter-wave applications [8]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a ray analysis is employed in order to give physical insight into the performance of AMCs and derive design guidelines, and the bandwidth and center frequency of AMC surfaces are investigated using full-wave analysis and the qualitative predictions of the ray model are validated.
Abstract: Planar periodic metallic arrays behave as artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces when placed on a grounded dielectric substrate and they introduce a zero degrees reflection phase shift to incident waves. In this paper the AMC operation of single-layer arrays without vias is studied using a resonant cavity model and a new application to high-gain printed antennas is presented. A ray analysis is employed in order to give physical insight into the performance of AMCs and derive design guidelines. The bandwidth and center frequency of AMC surfaces are investigated using full-wave analysis and the qualitative predictions of the ray model are validated. Planar AMC surfaces are used for the first time as the ground plane in a high-gain microstrip patch antenna with a partially reflective surface as superstrate. A significant reduction of the antenna profile is achieved. A ray theory approach is employed in order to describe the functioning of the antenna and to predict the existence of quarter wavelength resonant cavities.
907 citations
"Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..." refers background in this paper
...Several technologies to implement high-gain antenna systems have been proposed in recent years which use artificial magnetic conductor, dielectric superstrate, dielectric lenses, and so on [3]–[5]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described, which is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide.
Abstract: A novel design method of low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described in this paper. The whole antenna including backed cavity and feeding element is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide. An example with 1.7% bandwidth has been presented, which has 5.4 dBi gain, 16.1 dB front-to-back ratio and -19 dB maximum cross polarized radiation level with its total thickness less than lambda0/50. The proposed antenna keeps good radiation performance of conventional cavity backed antenna and has advantages of conventional planar antenna including low profile, light weight, easy fabrication with low cost and convenient integration with planar circuit.
402 citations
"Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..." refers background in this paper
...SIW cavity-backed slot antennas are reported in [9] and [10]....
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...It is interesting to see that the field distribution in the cavity is not purely sinusoidal as compared to the field distribution of conventional mode in SIW cavity [9], [10]....
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...3(c), the far-field radiation pattern produces narrower beam in H-plane compared to that of the conventional SIW cavity-backed slot antenna [9] which helps to improve gain of the proposed antenna....
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...3(b), the difference in magnitude and phase of the cavity field distribution at the opposite side of the slot helps to excite it to radiate into free space [9], [10]....
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...2 dBi as compared to conventional SIW cavity-backed slot antenna [9] while maintaining its planar form as well as a compact size (volume ∼ 0....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is presented, where two hybrid modes, whose dominant fields are located in different half parts of the SIW cavity are two different combinations of the and resonances.
Abstract: A bandwidth enhanced method of a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is presented in this paper. Bandwidth enhancement is achieved by simultaneously exciting two hybrid modes in the SIW-backed cavity and merging them within the required frequency range. These two hybrid modes, whose dominant fields are located in different half parts of the SIW cavity, are two different combinations of the and resonances. This design method has been validated by experiments. Compared with those of a previously presented SIW cavity-backed slot antenna, fractional impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is enhanced from 1.4% to 6.3%, its gain and radiation efficiency are also slightly improved to 6.0 dBi and 90%, and its SIW cavity size is reduced about 30%. The proposed antenna exhibits low cross polarization level and high front to back ratio. It still retains advantages of low-profile, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuits.
254 citations
"Design of Planar High-Gain Antenna ..." refers background in this paper
...Recently, excitation of hybrid mode in SIW cavity has discussed in [17]–[20] to realize dual band and broadband response....
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