Design of Radiation Tolerant Materials Via Interface Engineering
TL;DR: A novel interface engineering strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve superior irradiation tolerance, high strength, and high thermal stability in bulk nanolayered composites of a model face- centered-cubic (Cu)/body-centered-cUBic (Nb) system.
Abstract: A novel interface engineering strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve superior irradiation tolerance, high strength, and high thermal stability in bulk nanolayered composites of a model face-centered-cubic (Cu)/body-centered-cubic (Nb) system. By synthesizing bulk nanolayered Cu-Nb composites containing interfaces with controlled sink efficiencies, a novel material is designed in which nearly all irradiation-induced defects are annihilated.
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TL;DR: This study demonstrates enhancement of radiation tolerance with the suppression of void formation by two orders magnitude at elevated temperatures in equiatomic single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys, and reveals its controlling mechanism through a detailed analysis of the depth distribution of defect clusters and an atomistic computer simulation.
Abstract: A grand challenge in material science is to understand the correlation between intrinsic properties and defect dynamics. Radiation tolerant materials are in great demand for safe operation and advancement of nuclear and aerospace systems. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on microstructural and nanoscale features to mitigate radiation damage, this study demonstrates enhancement of radiation tolerance with the suppression of void formation by two orders magnitude at elevated temperatures in equiatomic single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys, and more importantly, reveals its controlling mechanism through a detailed analysis of the depth distribution of defect clusters and an atomistic computer simulation. The enhanced swelling resistance is attributed to the tailored interstitial defect cluster motion in the alloys from a long-range one-dimensional mode to a short-range three-dimensional mode, which leads to enhanced point defect recombination. The results suggest design criteria for next generation radiation tolerant structural alloys.
504 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the present understanding of defect-interface interactions in single-phase and two-phase metal and oxide nanocomposites, emphasizing how interface structure affects interactions with point, line, and planar defects.
427 citations
Cites background from "Design of Radiation Tolerant Materi..."
...Such designer interfaces promise to give an enhanced degree of control over the properties of polycrystals and multiphase composites, advancing the development of new materials with improved performance [22, 34, 35]....
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...When the defects formed are voids, these zones have been referred to as “void denuded zones” (VDZs) [22, 64, 65]....
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...Variations in VDZ widths have also been examined at Cu-Nb interfaces, confirming that crystallographic character also affects the sink efficiency of heterophase interfaces [22]....
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...Thus, as expected [22, 48], Cu-Nb interfaces have high sink efficiency, but are not perfect sinks....
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...Using this procedure, several groups have shown that different interfaces (including GBs of differing crystallography) have different defect depleted zone widths [22, 24, 64]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach for processing bulk nanocomposites containing interfaces that are stable under irradiation, which is the key factor in reducing the damage and imparting stability in certain nanomaterials under conditions where bulk materials exhibit void swelling and/or embrittlement.
412 citations
North Carolina State University1, Ritsumeikan University2, Ohio State University3, University of California, Santa Barbara4, Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore5, Pohang University of Science and Technology6, University of California, Irvine7, University of California, Riverside8, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory9, Kyoto University10, Yanshan University11, Chinese Academy of Sciences12
Abstract: Heterostructured materials are an emerging class of materials with superior performances that are unattainable by their conventional homogeneous counterparts. They consist of heterogeneous zones wi...
392 citations
Cites background from "Design of Radiation Tolerant Materi..."
...lar strengths and even better radiation resistance and thermal stability than the deposited foils [45,135] (see...
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent basic research on two classes of twins: growth twins and deformation twins is presented, focusing primarily on studies that aim to understand, via experiments, modeling, or both, the causes and effects of twinning at a fundamental level.
Abstract: This article reviews recent basic research on two classes of twins: growth twins and deformation twins. We focus primarily on studies that aim to understand, via experiments, modeling, or both, the causes and effects of twinning at a fundamental level. We anticipate that, by providing a broad perspective on the latest advances in twinning, this review will help set the stage for designing new metallic materials with unprecedented combinations of mechanical and physical properties.
318 citations
References
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TL;DR: Pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins are synthesized and show a tensile strength about 10 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining an electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure copper.
Abstract: Methods used to strengthen metals generally also cause a pronounced decrease in electrical conductivity, so that a tradeoff must be made between conductivity and mechanical strength. We synthesized pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. They showed a tensile strength about 10 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining an electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure copper. The ultrahigh strength originates from the effective blockage of dislocation motion by numerous coherent twin boundaries that possess an extremely low electrical resistivity, which is not the case for other types of grain boundaries.
2,584 citations
TL;DR: A thermomechanical treatment of Cu is described that results in a bimodal grain size distribution, with micrometre-sized grains embedded inside a matrix of nanocrystalline and ultrafine (<300 nm) grains, which impart high strength, as expected from an extrapolation of the Hall–Petch relationship.
Abstract: Nanocrystalline metals--with grain sizes of less than 100 nm--have strengths exceeding those of coarse-grained and even alloyed metals, and are thus expected to have many applications. For example, pure nanocrystalline Cu (refs 1-7) has a yield strength in excess of 400 MPa, which is six times higher than that of coarse-grained Cu. But nanocrystalline materials often exhibit low tensile ductility at room temperature, which limits their practical utility. The elongation to failure is typically less than a few per cent; the regime of uniform deformation is even smaller. Here we describe a thermomechanical treatment of Cu that results in a bimodal grain size distribution, with micrometre-sized grains embedded inside a matrix of nanocrystalline and ultrafine (<300 nm) grains. The matrix grains impart high strength, as expected from an extrapolation of the Hall-Petch relationship. Meanwhile, the inhomogeneous microstructure induces strain hardening mechanisms that stabilize the tensile deformation, leading to a high tensile ductility--65% elongation to failure, and 30% uniform elongation. We expect that these results will have implications in the development of tough nanostructured metals for forming operations and high-performance structural applications including microelectromechanical and biomedical systems.
2,531 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) method was proposed to introduce high plastic strain without any geometrical change if the reduction in thickness is maintained to 50% every rolling pass.
1,855 citations
TL;DR: An approach to optimize strength and ductility is outlined by identifying three essential structural characteristics for boundaries: coherency with surrounding matrix, thermal and mechanical stability, and smallest feature size finer than 100 nanometers.
Abstract: [Lu, K.; Lu, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Lu, L.; Suresh, S.] MIT, Sch Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.;Lu, K (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China;lu@imr.ac.cn ssuresh@mit.edu
1,812 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals and alloys with the objective of assessing recent advances in the experimental and computational studies of deformation, damage evolution, fracture and fatigue, and highlighting opportunities for further research.
1,811 citations