Design principles for Swiss-style rock drawing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the defining characteristics and specific design principles of Swiss-style rock drawings based on shading effects that highlight the terrain's 3D shape and the characteristic forms of rocks and cliffs.
Abstract: Swiss-style rock drawing uses shaded hachures to show the characteristic forms and the third dimension of rocks and cliffs. Rock faces, trenches, gullies, faults and other rock features relevant for orientation and navigation in mountainous areas are shown as seen from the ground instead of from an orthogonal perspective. The density and dimensions of hachures change with the exposure to a source of illumination to generate a shading effect that highlights the terrain’s three-dimensionality. The generation of rock drawings in Swiss style is time-intensive and requires an eye for the artistic rendering of the terrain’s third dimension as well as an understanding of different rock types and their morphology. Design principles have not yet been documented in a detailed and comprehensive manner and only rudimentary algorithms exist for the digital generation of simplified representations. This paper discusses the defining characteristics and specific design principles of Swiss-style rock drawing based...
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66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a global design method that allows to manipulate the behavior of those interpolation blocks on each type of geographical layer, in various ways, in order to provide various cartographic continua.
Abstract: Graphic interfaces of geoportals allow visualizing and overlaying various (visually) heterogeneous geographical data, often by image blending: vector data, maps, aerial imagery, Digital Terrain Model, etc. Map design and geo-visualization may benefit from methods and tools to hybrid, i.e. visually integrate, heterogeneous geographical data and cartographic representations. In this paper, we aim at designing continuous hybrid visualizations between ortho-imagery and symbolized vector data, in order to control a particular visual property, i.e. the photo-realism perception. The natural appearance (colors, textures) and various texture effects are used to drive the control the photo-realism level of the visualization: color and texture interpolation blocks have been developed. We present a global design method that allows to manipulate the behavior of those interpolation blocks on each type of geographical layer, in various ways, in order to provide various cartographic continua.
15 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Peptide hormo nes, which are engaged in this work, can be divided to the long-term (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) and short- term (e.g. cholecystokinin, glucagon, peptide YY, CART peptides, melanocortin system, neuropeptide Y and melanin concentrating hormone) acting.
Abstract: Obesity is nowadays a major global health problem. Every year amount of obese (BMI > 30 kg . m) and overweight (BMI > 25 kg . m) people increases. Obesity is not just a cosmetic problem, but it leads to many serious he alt complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases etc. We can define obe sity as an excessive amount of body fat. The development of obesity is often influenced by energ y intake, which overrides the energy expenditure. Many studies are currently describe th e influence of various substances that could potentially act as antiobesity drugs. Peptide hormo nes, which are engaged in this work, can be divided to the long-term (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) and short-term (e.g. cholecystokinin, glucagon lik e peptide 1, peptide YY, CART peptides, melanocortin system, neuropeptide Y and melanin concentrating hormone) acting. Peptides can be also divided according to their effect on food intake to the anorexigenic and orexigenic. Anorexigenic pe ptid s reduce food intake, orexigenic do the reverse.
9 citations
TL;DR: The method helps map authors to create contour line maps that more effectively illustrate relevant small details in maps showing terrain elevation or other scalar fields.
Abstract: Supplementary contour lines are placed between regular contour lines to visualize small but important forms that regular contour lines are unable to show. On topographic maps, typical forms are hil...
9 citations
Cites background from "Design principles for Swiss-style r..."
...Another example is the 1:25 000 map series by swisstopo, where regular contour lines are removed from areas with rock drawings, as contour lines would otherwise coalesce in these generally very steep areas (Jenny et al. 2014)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an automatic method to derive mappings from Swiss topographic maps is presented, based on line drawings of the Swiss topography, indicating slope, aspect and traversability.
Abstract: Rock depiction in Swiss topographic maps has evolved from humble line drawings into expressive renderings indicating slope, aspect and traversability. In this paper, an automatic method to derive m...
9 citations
Cites background from "Design principles for Swiss-style r..."
...More information about the evolution and a detailed description of this style can be found in Jenny et al. (2014)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Within the discipline of cartography, few works are considered classics in the sense of retaining their interest, relevance, and inspiration with the passage of time as mentioned in this paper, and Eduard Imhof's Cartographic Relief Presentation illustrates the need for cartography to combine intellect and graphics in solving map design problems.
Abstract: Within the discipline of cartography, few works are considered classics in the sense of retaining their interest, relevance, and inspiration with the passage of time. One such work is Eduard Imhof's masterpiece, "Cartographic Relief Presentation". Originally published in German in 1965, this book illustrates the need for cartography to combine intellect and graphics in solving map design problems. The range, detail, and scientific artistry of Imhof's solutions are presented in an instructional context that puts this work in a class by itself. ESRI Press has reissued Imhof's masterpiece as an affordable volume for mapping professionals, scholars, scientists, students, and anyone interested in cartography.
219 citations
66 citations
"Design principles for Swiss-style r..." refers background in this paper
...Only superficial or vague descriptions of the design principles have been published to date (Blumer, 1927, 1932; Bühler, 1938; Kraiszl, 1930; Jeannet, 1938; Bertschmann, 1953, Imhof, 1965, 1982; Bolliger, 1967; Spiess, 1970; Gilgen, 1998, 2008; Hurni et al., 2001; Spiess et al., 2002)....
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...…century, there was passionate debate among German speaking cartographers as to whether contour lines should be included in rock areas or replace previously used rock drawings altogether (Blumer, 1927, 1932; Lehmann, 1931; Schneider, 1934; Brandstätter, 1941/1942, 1960, 1983; Imhof, 1982)....
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...When redesigning the swisstopo map series in the first half of the twentieth century, there was passionate debate among German speaking cartographers as to whether contour lines should be included in rock areas or replace previously used rock drawings altogether (Blumer, 1927, 1932; Lehmann, 1931; Schneider, 1934; Brandstätter, 1941/1942, 1960, 1983; Imhof, 1982)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1981
36 citations
"Design principles for Swiss-style r..." refers background in this paper
...The Swiss style of rock drawing, which uses shaded hachures, is considered exceptional by many (e.g. Hodgkiss, 1981; Keates, 1996) in the field of cartographic rock representation and is the focus of this paper....
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TL;DR: To make more inviting and understandable maps for general audiences, the U.S. National Park Service has been experimenting with cartographically realistic map design, using rasterized geodata and unconventional image processing techniques.
Abstract: To make more inviting and understandable maps for general audiences, the U.S. National Park Service has been experimenting with cartographically realistic map design. Using rasterized geodata and unconventional image processing techniques, cartographic realism draws inspiration from traditional cartographic art, modern graphic design, observations of nature, and aerial photograph maps. The aim is to combine the best characteristics of imagery and maps into a more intuitive hybrid product. Discussed techniques include aquafication, texture substitution, illuminated relief, and outside land muting.
33 citations