Designing a Biosensor Using a Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber
TL;DR: In this paper, a photonic quasi-crystal fiber-based refractive index biosensor (PQF-RIBS) was proposed, which works based on the surface plasmon polariton.
Abstract: Using finite-element method, we propose a photonic quasi-crystal fiber-based refractive index biosensor (PQF-RIBS), which works based on the surface plasmon polariton. We determine the loss spectra for two different variations of the refractive index of analyte, $n_{a}$ . From the detailed numerical analysis, we find that the PQF-RIBS exhibits a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU and a resolution of $1.6\,\, \times \,\,10^{-6}$ RIU when $n_{a}$ is increased from 1.45 to 1.46. Besides, this sensor does exhibit the negative refractive index sensitivity of −4000 nm/RIU and a resolution of $2.5\,\, \times \,\,10^{-6}$ RIU for a sensing range from 1.52 to 1.53. Furthermore, we carry out selective filling of liquid in the selective holes of the proposed biosensor for a sensing wavelength range from 900 to 1200 nm. Finally, we also study the influence of the structural parameters, namely, diameter of the core and diameter of the air holes in the cladding over the loss spectra of a fundamental mode for a particular $n_{a}$ of 1.47.
Citations
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TL;DR: The plasmonic sensing principles of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been discussed in this article, and fabrication considerations, as well as limitations due to the structural features of PCFs, are discussed.
Abstract: Flexibility in engineering holey structures and controlling the wave guiding properties in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has enabled a wide variety of PCF-based plasmonic structures and devices with attractive application potential. Metal thin films, nanowires, and nanoparticles are embedded for achieving surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized SPR within PCF structures. This paper begins with an outline of plasmonic sensing principles. This is followed by an overview of fabrication and experimental investigation of plasmonic PCFs. Reported plasmonic PCF designs are categorized based on their target application areas, including optical/biochemical sensors, polarization splitters, and couplers. Finally, design and fabrication considerations, as well as limitations due to the structural features of PCFs, are discussed.
130 citations
Additional excerpts
...5 × 10-5 - Gandhi 2016 [138] Au-coated 1....
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TL;DR: The robustness of optical properties including dispersion, confinement loss, and effective mode area in this PQF is discussed, assuming a deviation ±3% of all air holes.
Abstract: In this work, an octagonal Penrose-type photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) with dual-cladding is proposed. By optimizing three geometric degrees of freedom, the PQF exhibits ultra-flattened near-zero dispersion of 0.014±0.293 ps/nm/km, ultra-low order confinement loss of 10−4 dB/km, and large effective mode area of over 16.2 μm2 in a broadband of wavelength from 1.27 to 1.67 μm, covering almost all optical communication bands. At the common communication wavelength 1.55 μm, completely opposite trends of the dispersion and the confinement loss varying with the air-filling factor in the inner cladding are demonstrated. In addition, the robustness of optical properties including dispersion, confinement loss, and effective mode area in this PQF is discussed, assuming a deviation ±3% of all air holes.
96 citations
TL;DR: A D-shaped photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed for refractive index (RI) sensing that realizes the high-sensitivity sensing in the near-infrared band.
Abstract: A D-shaped photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed for refractive index (RI) sensing. The influences of the width of the gold film, the diameter of the air holes, and the thickness of the gold film on the sensing performance are analyzed. When the RI of a liquid analyte gradually increases from 1.415 to 1.427, the average sensitivity is calculated as 10,250 nm/RIU, and the maximum sensitivity is up to 34,000 nm/RIU, which realizes the high-sensitivity sensing in the near-infrared band. The D-shaped PQF sensor proposed has great application potential in the detection of biochemical analytes and provides a new way to improve the sensing performance.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sixfold photonic quasi-crystal fiber with a trapezoidal analyte channel based on surface plasmon resonance was proposed for the detection of high-refractive-index (RI) liquid analytes and numerically analyzed its sensing performance for different liquid analyte refractive indices and heights using the finite element method.
Abstract: We propose a sixfold photonic quasi-crystal fiber with a trapezoidal analyte channel based on surface plasmon resonance for the detection of high-refractive-index (RI) liquid analytes and numerically analyze its sensing performance for different liquid analyte refractive indices and heights using the finite-element method. In contrast to the common D-shaped structure photonic crystal fiber, we design a trapezoidal analyte channel to investigate the role of the sample liquid height within the channel and discussed the feasibility of the fabrication process. We find that with various liquid analyte heights ratios of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 50% of the maximum channel height, the proposed biosensor exhibits linear sensing performance with a maximum RI sensitivity of 4400, 6100, 8000, and 17000 nm/RIU, respectively, for analytes RI range of 1.44–1.57, 1.41–1.51, 1.40–1.49, and 1.40–1.44. This sensor is suitable to detect various high RI chemicals, biochemicals, and organic chemical samples. Owing to its simple structure of the proposed biosensor with promising linear sensing performance, we envisage that this biosensor could turn out to be a versatile and competitive instrument for the detection of high-RI liquid analytes.
73 citations
Cites methods from "Designing a Biosensor Using a Photo..."
...glycerol using a ten-fold PQF with a maximum sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU [19]....
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...stability during the sensing process [19], [21]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel polarization filter based on a sunflower-type photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) is proposed, which can efficiently produce polarized light with visible wavelengths by using the resonance between the second-order surface plasmon polariton mode and the core mode of the PQF.
Abstract: A novel polarization filter based on a sunflower-type photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) is proposed in this paper. We also discuss different methods to tune the filter wavelength. The proposed filter can efficiently produce polarized light with visible wavelengths by using the resonance between the second-order surface plasmon polariton mode and the core mode of the PQF. The filtered wavelength can be tuned between 0.55 µm and 0.68 µm by adjusting the thickness of the gold film. When the thickness of the gold film is 25.3 nm, the resonance loss in the y-polarized direction reaches 11707 dB m−1 for a wavelength of 0.6326 µm, and the full width at half maximum is only 5 nm. Due to the flexible design and absence of both polarization coupling and polarization dispersion, this polarization filter can be used in devices that require narrow-band filtering.
69 citations
References
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TL;DR: Selective coating of MOFs with metal is demonstrated and used to fabricate an in-fiber absorptive polarizer for microstructured optical fibers.
Abstract: An interesting feature of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) is that their properties can be adjusted by filling or coating of the holes. Some applications require selective filling or coating, which has proved experimentally demanding. We demonstrate selective coating of MOFs with metal and use it to fabricate an in-fiber absorptive polarizer.
181 citations
"Designing a Biosensor Using a Photo..." refers background in this paper
...Zhang et al have proposed the selective coating of the air holes in the PCF with silver coating in the down-neck region of the air holes [13]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the photonic crystal fiber based surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) chemical sensors were intensively reviewed, and the principles, superiorities and problems of the PCF-SRS sensors were also discussed in detail.
Abstract: Research developments of the photonic crystal fiber based surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) chemical sensors were intensively reviewed Photonic crystal fibers, such as the microstructured optical fiber, the photonic bandgap fiber and the Bragg fiber with various structures were applied to the SPR sensors, including fuse-tapered fiber structure, D-type fiber structure and cladding-off fiber structure Those sensors were classified as three kinds of configurations which were respectively based on the inner metal layer, the metallic nanowire and the outer metal film What's more, the principles, superiorities and problems of the PCF-SPR sensors were also discussed in detail
164 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that hollow core microstructured polymer optical fibers can be used for sensing, whilst also fabricating a chiral optical fiber based on material chirality, which has many applications in its own right.
Abstract: Guidance in a liquid core is possible with microstructured optical fibers, opening up many possibilities for chemical and biochemical fiber-optic sensing. In this work we demonstrate how the bandgaps of a hollow core microstructured polymer optical fiber scale with the refractive index of liquid introduced into the holes of the microstructure. Such a fiber is then filled with an aqueous solution of (-)-fructose, and the resulting optical rotation measured. Hence, we show that hollow core microstructured polymer optical fibers can be used for sensing, whilst also fabricating a chiral optical fiber based on material chirality, which has many applications in its own right.
164 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented highly sensitive refractometers based on a long-period grating in a large mode area PCF with a maximum sensitivity of 1500 nm/RIU at a refractive index of 1.33.
Abstract: We present highly sensitive refractometers based on a long-period grating in a large mode area PCF. The maximum sensitivity is 1500 nm/RIU at a refractive index of 1.33, the highest reported for any fiber grating. The minimal detectable index change is $2\times 10^{-5}$. The high sensitivity is obtained by infiltrating the sample into the holes of the photonic crystal fiber to give a strong interaction between the sample and the probing field.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor constructed on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) model is presented.
Abstract: A numerical analysis of a novel birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor constructed on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) model is presented in this paper. This biosensor configuration utilizes circular air holes to introduce birefringence into the structure. This PCF biosensor model shows promise in the area of multiple detection using HE
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and HE
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modes to sense more than one analyte. A numerical study of the biosensor is performed in two interrogation modes: amplitude and wavelength. Sensor resolution values with spectral interrogation yielded 5 × 10
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RIU (refractive index units) for HE
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modes and 6 × 10
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RIU for HE
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modes, whereas 3 × 10
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RIU for HE
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modes and 4 × 10
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RIU for HE
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modes are demonstrated for the amplitude interrogation.
143 citations
"Designing a Biosensor Using a Photo..." refers background in this paper
...It is well known that the gold layer thickness is a significant parameter in determining the half-width and depth of the resonance peak [17]....
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