Designing a refractive index based biosensor using a photonic quasi-crystal fiber
01 Dec 2015-pp 1-4
TL;DR: In this article, a ten-fold photonic quasi-crystal fiber using finite element method was designed to achieve a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 29000 nm/RIU and a resolution of 3.4 × 10−6 RIU with a sensing range of 1.47-1.48.
Abstract: We design a ten-fold photonic quasi-crystal fiber using finite element method. Further, we explore various optical characteristics and exploit them for realizing a biosensor. We achieve a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 29000 nm/RIU and a resolution of 3.4 × 10−6 RIU a sensing range of 1.47–1.48.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a structure based on one-dimensional photonic crystals that can be used for both angle sensing and refractive index sensing is proposed, which is achieved by optical Tamm state.
Abstract: In this article, a structure based on one-dimensional photonic crystals that can be used for both angle sensing and refractive index sensing is proposed, which is achieved by optical Tamm state. Under Bragg scattering, its features are investigated by the transfer matrix method. This sensing structure is based on a multi-frequency absorption structure, which can achieve an absorption rate higher than 0.9 for three to four frequency points at the same time. The studied results demonstrate that the absorption peaks of such an absorption structure can be changed from three to four by adjusting the number of periods and silver layer thickness. Absorption peaks can occur red and blue shifts employing tailoring the thickness of defect and the angle of the incident light. By altering the thickness of the defect and the number of periods, the interval between the absorption peaks can be dominated. They are all with high-quality factors and can be used to bring about a high absorption sensor for the refractive index or angle. When it acts as a refractive index sensor, the operating range can cover from 2 to 2.7, whose sensitivity and average figure of merit are 32.3 THz/RIU and 100. If the presented device is used as an angle sensor, those values will become 0.5 THz/degree and 1.2, and its measuring range is from 25° to 70°. It can be said that the emergence of this special sensing structure will be possible to have a broad application prospect in the field of measurement.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a performance comparison based on operating refractive index range amongst various surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors is presented. But, the authors focus on low, high, and wide-ranged surfacesplasmon Resonance Biosensors.
Abstract: Optical sensing has undergone tremendous advancements with the advent of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Similarly, optical sensing utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) operation has produced remarkable outcomes and new paradigms for providing prompt and label-free platforms for ultra-sensitive and high-resolution determinations in chemical, biological, and related sensing applications. Here we review refractive index photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance biosensors (RI PCF SPRBs) with a focus on low, high, and wide-ranged RI PCF SPRBs. A performance comparison based on operating refractive index range amongst various RI PCF SPRBs shows that, to date, most of the RI PCF SPRBs proposed and/or fabricated belong to the high index category. Due to their extensive operating range, wide-ranged RI PCF SPRBs can function both as low and as high RI PCF SPRBs making them more attractive for lab-on-photonic crystal fiber (LOPCF), lab-in-photonic crystal fiber (LIPCF), and allied applications, where one or more laboratory functions are scaled to a single device for in vitro or in vivo screening and analysis. It is suggested that future research should continue to improve upon sensing metrics based on innovativeness not only in core and cladding designs but also in optimization of structural parameters and implementation of new plasmonic materials such as silicene, germanene, and phosphorene whose growths have been demonstrated recently.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are used to detect chemical and biological (such as antibodies, cells, bacteria, enzymes, viruses, nucleic acids, etc.) substances.
Abstract: The promising properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have sparked the interest of a number of research organizations. Due to the PCF’s air holes, liquid or gas samples can be inserted into them. This permits a well-controlled interaction between confined light and sensing samples, enabling the development of novel sensing applications. That was never conceivable with conventional optical fibers. PCF applications in sensing fields can be divided into physical sensors and biochemical sensors based on the parameter being measured. Physical sensors measure pressure, temperature, refractive index (RI), curvature, vibration, torsion, electric field, and displacement, among other physical characteristics. Biochemical sensors can detect chemical and biological (such as antibodies, cells, bacteria, enzymes, viruses, nucleic acids, etc.) substances. The measurement of the chemical RI is a crucial component of biochemical sensors. Due to their close relationship with biosensors, chemical sensors are commonly referred to as biochemical sensors. This article covers the detecting capabilities of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based PCF biochemical and physical sensors in addition to a variety of ways to enhance their sensing capacities.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article , surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are used to detect chemical and biological (such as antibodies, cells, bacteria, enzymes, viruses, nucleic acids, etc.) substances.
Abstract: The promising properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have sparked the interest of a number of research organizations. Due to the PCF’s air holes, liquid or gas samples can be inserted into them. This permits a well-controlled interaction between confined light and sensing samples, enabling the development of novel sensing applications. That was never conceivable with conventional optical fibers. PCF applications in sensing fields can be divided into physical sensors and biochemical sensors based on the parameter being measured. Physical sensors measure pressure, temperature, refractive index (RI), curvature, vibration, torsion, electric field, and displacement, among other physical characteristics. Biochemical sensors can detect chemical and biological (such as antibodies, cells, bacteria, enzymes, viruses, nucleic acids, etc.) substances. The measurement of the chemical RI is a crucial component of biochemical sensors. Due to their close relationship with biosensors, chemical sensors are commonly referred to as biochemical sensors. This article covers the detecting capabilities of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based PCF biochemical and physical sensors in addition to a variety of ways to enhance their sensing capacities.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi D-shaped plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) microsensor with dual polarization for back-to-back measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature is presented.
Abstract: We present a new quasi D-shaped plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) microsensor with dual polarization for back-to-back measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The PCF structure of the microsensor is form birefringent and supports two orthogonal polarizations for independent probing of both RI and temperature variations. Thin layers of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and gold (Au) are applied to the side-polished plane to form the RI sensing section. Furthermore, four micro air holes in the lower part of its outer cladding ring are gold-coated and selectively infiltrated with a temperature-sensitive liquid. A detailed investigation and numerical analyses of the coupling characteristics and sensing responses are presented using the finite element method (FEM) with a circular perfectly matched layer (PML). The RI metrics show a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU and a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 266.54 RIU−1 from 1.35 to 1.46 RI range in the specified operating wavelength range of 1.25- $1.65~\mu \text{m}$ . The corresponding RI resolution is $2.0\times 10^{-5}$ RIU. For the temperature sensing metrics, a maximum amplitude sensitivity of $4.8\times 10^{-2}\,\,^\circ \text{C}^{-1}$ , a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 3.0 nm/°C, and a maximum resolution of $3.33\times 10^{-2}\,\,^{\circ }\text{C}$ from −50°C to 50°C is achieved. With appropriate instrumentation incorporating a polarization selector, the microsensor can double as a real-time simultaneous multiparameter sensor. Applications for the proposed microsensor can be found in molecular science, medical measurement and analysis, terrestrial environmental engineering and data assessment, aquatic ecosystem investigations, pharmaceutical and alimentary process control and validation, cryogenic studies, and several others.
14 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a Microstructured Optical Fiber-based Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor with optimized microfluidics, where plasmons on the inner surface of large metallized channels containing analyte can be excited by a single mode microstructured fiber.
Abstract: The concept of a Microstructured Optical Fiber-based Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor with optimized microfluidics is proposed. In such a sensor plasmons on the inner surface of large metallized channels containing analyte can be excited by a fundamental mode of a single mode microstructured fiber. Phase matching between plasmon and a core mode can be enforced by introducing air filled microstructure into the fiber core, thus allowing tuning of the modal refractive index and its matching with that of a plasmon. Integration of large size microfluidic channels for efficient analyte flow together with a single mode waveguide of designable effective refractive index is attractive for the development of integrated highly sensitive MOF-SPR sensors operating at any designable wavelength.
374 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase matching between a plasmon and a core mode can be enforced by introducing air-filled microstructures into the fiber core, where the effective refractive index can be lowered to match that of a plasmus by introducing a small central hole into the fibre core.
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261 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication of triangular lattices of parallel gold and silver nanowires of high optical quality was reported, with diameters down to $500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ and length to diameter ratios as high as 100 000.
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223 citations
TL;DR: Numerical results indicate that the optical loss of the Gaussian guided mode can be made very small by tuning the thickness of the dielectric layer and that the refractive-index resolution for aqueous analytes is 1x 10(-4).
Abstract: We propose a novel surface-plasmon-resonance sensor design based on coating the holes of a three-hole microstructured optical fiber with a low-index dielectric layer on top of which a gold layer is deposited. The use of all three fiber holes and their relatively large size should facilitate the fabrication of the inclusions and the infiltration of the analyte. Our numerical results indicate that the optical loss of the Gaussian guided mode can be made very small by tuning the thickness of the dielectric layer and that the refractive-index resolution for aqueous analytes is 1×10-4.
221 citations