Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications
01 Nov 2019-
TL;DR: In this article, a monopole microstrip antenna with the radiator having two pairs of rectangular teeth of different sizes is considered and the influence of the size of the teeth and the position of the cutouts between them on the electrodynamic characteristics of the antenna at the first and second resonance frequencies is studied.
Abstract: A monopole microstrip antenna with the radiator having two pairs of rectangular teeth of different sizes is considered. The influence of the size of the teeth and the position of the cutouts between them on the electrodynamic characteristics of the antenna at the first and second resonance frequencies is studied. Based on the results of the analysis, the approach is proposed to optimize the electrodynamic characteristics of this antenna type for given parameters. The practical application of this approach in the designing the four-tooth-shaped dual-band antenna for Wi-Fi applications is shown.
Citations
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04 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the base frequency and the reflection coefficient on the dipole wire length and scale is analyzed, and it is shown that it is possible to distinguish a family of antennas operating at a given (identical) base frequency.
Abstract: Koch-type wire dipole antennas are considered herein. In the case of a first-order prefractal, such antennas differ from a Koch-type dipole by the position of the central vertex of the dipole arm. Earlier, we investigated the dependence of the base frequency for different antenna scales for an arm in the form of a first-order prefractal. In this paper, dipoles for second-order prefractals are considered. The dependence of the base frequency and the reflection coefficient on the dipole wire length and scale is analyzed. It is shown that it is possible to distinguish a family of antennas operating at a given (identical) base frequency. The same length of a Koch-type curve can be obtained with different coordinates of the central vertex. This allows for obtaining numerous antennas with various scales and geometries of the arm. An algorithm for obtaining small antennas for Wi-Fi applications is proposed. Two antennas were obtained: an antenna with the smallest linear dimensions and a minimum antenna for a given reflection coefficient.
14 citations
Cites background from "Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..."
...It can also be noted that the matching of the obtained “minimized” antennas can be somewhat improved by applying iterative methods [39]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a symmetrical tooth-shaped radiator is obtained from a rectangular radiator by adding small symmetrical rectangular cutouts on its two sides, and regression models are constructed for each type of the antenna.
Abstract: Printed monopole antennas with a rectangular radiator as well as
with a symmetrical tooth-shaped radiator are considered. The
tooth-shaped radiator is obtained from a rectangular radiator by
adding small symmetrical rectangular cutouts on its two sides. The
antennas with four-, six- and eight-tooth-shaped radiators are
considered. For the antennas, the influence of the radiator
geometry parameters on the two base resonance frequencies is
studied. The common features and characteristics of the
dependences of the resonances on the radiator parameters are
revealed for the considered tooth-shaped antennas. Regression
models are constructed for each type of the antenna. In the
obtained models, the values of the two base resonances are
functions of the length and width of the radiator as well as of
the depth of rectangular cutouts on it. The designing of dual-band
printed monopole tooth-shaped antennas for various numbers of
cutouts on the radiator is proposed. For the design of the shape
of the radiator antennas, regression models are used, which allow
to obtain the parameters of the radiator for given resonance
frequencies. Examples of obtained antennas with various numbers of
teeth are given. Conclusions about the applicability of antennas
of this type for operation on two bands are given.
4 citations
TL;DR: Numerical results are presented for the problem of diffraction by a rectangular screen, as well as by screen octagonal shape and the analysis shows that the method of moments implementation by GPU significantly improves the performance of the algorithm for solving theproblem of electromagnetic wave Diffraction by the flat metal screens.
Abstract: The problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction by a flat convex screen of arbitrary shape is considered. The numerical solution for the problem is obtained by the method of moments using the parallel programming technology CUDA. As basic and testing functions RWG functions are used. To construct the corresponding RWG elements on CUDA, a simple and fast algorithm of triangulation for a convex screen with an arbitrary boundary is developed. Numerical results are presented for the problem of diffraction by a rectangular screen, as well as by screen octagonal shape. The results obtained for the rectangle are in good correspondence with the results published in previous works. A comparative analysis of the running time of sequential and parallel algorithms is presented. The analysis shows that the method of moments implementation by GPU significantly improves the performance of the algorithm for solving the problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction by the flat metal screens.
2 citations
01 Sep 2020
TL;DR: An approach to design using regression models of a tooth-shaped antenna for the desired wireless network parameters is presented and optimization problems are constructed and numerically solved, which allows to quickly determine the optimal values of the geometric parameters of the tooth- shaped radiator.
Abstract: The design of a symmetrical six-tooth-shaped monopole microstrip antenna is considered. The effect of rectangular cutouts on the radiator and the length and the width of the radiator on the reflection coefficient of the base frequency antenna is studied. A nonlinear regression model with good accuracy is constructed for this characteristic. An approach to design using regression models of a tooth-shaped antenna for the desired wireless network parameters is presented. Optimization problems are constructed and numerically solved, which allows to quickly determine the optimal values of the geometric parameters of the tooth-shaped radiator. The application of this approach to the design of a six-tooth-shaped single-band antenna for Wi-Fi applications is demonstrated.
1 citations
Cites methods from "Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..."
...First Method We use the approach presented in our work [21], but in a different way: we define the regression model (1) for the optimization problem for the reflection coefficient without further improving the electrodynamic characteristics and minimizing using the gradient descent method....
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...For example, in [19-21] single- and double-band symmetric four-tooth-shaped microstrip antennas were designed using regression models and problems of optimizing the electrodynamic characteristics of the antenna were solved....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of the electromagnetic wave diffraction by a rectangular perfectly conducting metal plate is considered and the solution of the problem is reduced to the integral equations for the tangential components of the magnetic intensity vector on the metal surface.
Abstract: The classical problem of the electromagnetic wave diffraction by a rectangular perfectly conducting metal plate is considered. The solution of the problem is reduced to the solving integral equations for the tangential components of the magnetic intensity vector on the metal surface. The collocation method is applied to the equation with the representation of the sought functions in the form of a series in the Chebyshev polynomials of the 1st and 2nd kind. Numerical experiments have been carried out for a different number of terms of the Fourier series of the sought functions and a different number of collocation points. Graphs comparing the results obtained for various parameters are presented. It is shown that an increase in the number of collocation points leads to a greater stability of the solution. It is concluded that there is no clear-cut convergence of the solution with this choice of collocation points.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an introduction and evolution of DGS and how DGS is different from former technologies: PBG and EBG, and several theoretical techniques for analysing the Defected Ground Structure are discussed.
Abstract: Slots or defects integrated on the ground plane of microwave planar circuits are referred to as Defected Ground Structure. DGS is adopted as an emerging technique for improving the various parameters of microwave circuits, that is, narrow bandwidth, cross-polarization, low gain, and so forth. This paper presents an introduction and evolution of DGS and how DGS is different from former technologies: PBG and EBG. A basic concept behind the DGS technology and several theoretical techniques for analysing the Defected Ground Structure are discussed. Several applications of DGS in the field of filters, planar waveguides, amplifiers, and antennas are presented.
273 citations
"Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..." refers methods in this paper
...To achieve the desired electrical characteristics of the antenna, metamaterials are also used [9], [10], the defected ground structure [11] or modified ground plane [12] technique are used....
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08 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, Chen et al. present a survey of the state-of-the-art in the field of reconfigurable antenna design and their application in WSNs and wearable antenna networks.
Abstract: Preface. List of Contributors. Acknowledgments. 1 Numerical Analysis Techniques (Ramesh Garg). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Standard (Yee s) FDTD Method. 1.3 Numerical Dispersion of FDTD Algorithms and Hybrid Schemes. 1.4 Stability of Algorithms. 1.5 Absorbing Boundary Conditions. 1.6 LOD-FDTD Algorithm. 1.7 Robustness of Printed Patch Antennas. 1.8 Thin Dielectric Approximation. 1.9 Modeling of PEC and PMC for Irregular Geometries. References. 2 Computer Aided Design of Microstrip Antennas (Debatosh Guha and Jawad Y. Siddiqui). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Microstrip Patch as Cavity Resonator. 2.3 Resonant Frequency of Circular Microstrip Patch (CMP). 2.4 Resonant Frequency of Rectangular Microstrip Patch (RMP) with Variable Air Gap. 2.5 Resonant Frequency of an Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Patch (ETMP) with Variable Air Gap. 2.6 Input Impedance of a Microstrip Patch. 2.7 Feed Reactance of a Probe-Fed Microstrip Patch. 2.8 Radiation Characteristics. 2.9 Radiation Efficiency. 2.10 Bandwidth. 2.11 Conclusion. References. 3 Generalized Scattering Matrix Approach for Multilayer Patch Arrays (Arun K. Bhattacharyya). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Outline of the GSM Approach. 3.3 Mutual Coupling Formulation. 3.4 Finite Array: Active Impedance and Radiation Patterns. 3.5 Numerical Example. 3.6 Conclusions. 3.7 References. 4 Optimization Techniques for Planner Antennas (Rabindra K. Mishra). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Basic Optimization Concepts. 4.3 Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA). 4.4 Neurospectral Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna. 4.5 Inset-fed Patch Antenna Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization. 4.6 Conclusion. References. 5 Microstrip Reflectarray Antennas (Jafar Shaker and Reza Chaharmir). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 General Review of Reflectarrays: Mathematical Formulation and General Trends. 5.3 Comparison of Reflectarray and Conventional Parabolic Reflector. 5.4 Cell Elements and Specific Applications: A General Survey. 5.5 Wideband Techniques for Reflectarrays. 5.6 Development of Novel Loop-Based Cell Elements. 5.7 Conclusion. References. 6 Reconfigurable Microstrip Antennas (Jennifer T. Bernhard). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Substrate Modification for Reconfigurability. 6.3 Conductor Modification for Reconfigurability. 6.4 Enabling Reconfigurability: Considerations for Reconfiguration Mechanisms. 6.5 Future Trends in Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna Research and Development. References. 7 Wearable Antennas for Body Area Networks (Peter S. Hall and Yang Hao). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Sources on the Human Body. 7.3 Narrowband Antennas. 7.4 Fabric Antennas. 7.5 Ultra Wideband Antennas. 7.6 Multiple Antenna Systems. 7.7 Conclusion. References. 8 Printed Antennas for Wireless Communications (Satish K. Sharma and Lotfollah Shafai). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Broadband Microstrip Patch Antennas. 8.3 Patch Antennas for Multiband Wireless Communications. 8.4 Enhanced Gain Patch Antennas. 8.5 Wideband Compact Patch Antennas. 8.6 Microstrip Slot Antennas. 8.7 Microstrip Planar Monopole Antenna. References. 9 UHF Passive RFID Tag Antennas (Daniel Deavours and Daniel Dobkin). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Application Requirements. 9.3 Approaches. 9.4 Fabrication. 9.5 Conclusion. References. 10 Printed UWB Antennas (Zhi Ning Chen, Xianming Qing and Shie Ping See). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Swan Antenna with Reduced Ground Plane Effect. 10.3 Slim UWB Antenna. 10.4 Diversity Antenna. 10.5 Printed Slot UWB Antenna and Band-Notched Solutions. References. 11 Metamaterial Antennas and Radiative Systems (Christophe Caloz). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fundamentals of Metamaterials. 11.3 Leaky-Wave Antennas. 11.4 Resonant Antennas. 11.5 Exotic Radiative Systems. References. 12 Defected Ground Structure for Microstrip Antennas (Debatosh Guha, Sujoy Biswas, and Yahia M. M. Antar). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fundamentals of DGS. 12.3 DGS for controlling Microstrip Antenna Feeds and Front-End Characteristics. 12.4 DGS to Control/Improve Radiation Properties of Microstrip Patch Antennas. 12.5 DGS for Reduced Mutual Coupling between Microstrip Array Elements and Associated Improvements. 12.6 Conclusion. Appendix: A Brief DGS Chronology. References. 13 Printed Leaky Wave Antennas (Samir F. Mahmoud and Yahia M. M. Antar). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The Leaky Wave as a Complex Plane Wave. 13.3 Radiation Pattern of a Leaky Wave. 13.4 Examples of Leaky Mode Supporting Structures. 13.5 The Excitation Problem. 13.6 Two-Dimensional Leaky Waves. 13.7 Further Advances on a Class of Periodic Leaky Wave Antennas. References. Appendix I Preliminary Ideas: PTFE-Based Microwave Lamiantes and Making Prototypes. Appendix II Preliminary Ideas: Microwave Connectors for Printed Circuits and Antennas. Index.
260 citations
"Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..." refers background in this paper
...The most popular are microstrip antennas [2], [3], as they have compact dimensions, light weight, simple manufacturing technology and can support a wide frequency range for various applications [4], including Wi-Fi....
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TL;DR: Two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas are designed with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) that have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.
Abstract: Wireless local area network (WLAN) is a technology that combines computer network with wireless communication technology. The 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band can be used in the WLAN environment. Because of the development of wireless communication technology and the use of the frequency bands without the need for authorization, the application of WLAN is becoming more and more extensive. As the key part of the WLAN system, the antenna must also be adapted to the development of WLAN communication technology. This paper designs two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The two antennas adopt ordinary FR4 material as a dielectric substrate, with the advantages of low cost and small size. The first antenna adopts microstrip line feeding, and the antenna radiation patch is composed of a folded T-shaped radiating dipole which reduces the antenna size, and two symmetrical rectangular patches located on both sides of the T-shaped radiating patch. The second antenna is a microstrip patch antenna fed by coaxial line, and the size of the antenna is diminished by opening a stepped groove on the two edges of the patch and a folded slot inside the patch. Simulation experiments prove that the two designed antennas have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.
37 citations
"Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..." refers background in this paper
...In work [7], two dual-band antennas are designed and the performance analysis of these antennas is carried out....
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TL;DR: In this article, a metamaterial loaded monopole antenna with offset-fed microstrip line is proposed for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) wireless applications.
Abstract: A compact metamaterial loaded monopole antenna with offset-fed microstrip line is proposed for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) wireless applications. The proposed antenna is printed on a 19.18 × 22.64 × 1.6 mm3 FR-4 substrate having a dielectric constant ( e r ) of 4.4. The antenna radiating element consists of split ring structure and CSRR for generating multiband characteristics, which is fed by offset microstrip line. A split in the outer vertical arm creates a lower order resonance at 2.1 GHz and the Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) in the monopole antenna is used to generate a new resonance frequency of 3.45 GHz. The precise equivalent circuit design equations are used to analyze the CSRR resonance frequency. Also, the band characteristics of a split ring structure and CSRR are enlightened in detail to verify the metamaterial property. Simulated results are verified with measured results. The measured azimuthal plane (H-Plane) exhibits omnidirectional radiation pattern and elevation plane (E-plane) represents a bidirectional radiation pattern.
34 citations
"Designing the Four-Tooth-Shaped Mic..." refers methods in this paper
...To achieve the desired electrical characteristics of the antenna, metamaterials are also used [9], [10], the defected ground structure [11] or modified ground plane [12] technique are used....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency notch can be adjusted to the desired values by changing the radial length based on the value calculated using a derived formula for each semietched U-slot, which is very simple in structure and design.
Abstract: Interference between ultrawideband (UWB) antennas and other narrowband communication systems has spurred growth in designing UWB antennas with notch characteristics and complicated designs consisting of irregular etched slots and larger physical size. This article presents a simplified notched design method for existing UWB antennas exhibiting four frequency-band-rejecting characteristics. The investigation has been conducted by introducing four semicircular U-shaped slot structures based on a theoretical formulation. The formulation is validated with the equivalent LC lumped parameters responsible for yielding the notched frequency. A novel feature of our approach is that the frequency notch can be adjusted to the desired values by changing the radial length based on the value calculated using a derived formula for each semietched U-slot, which is very simple in structure and design. Additionally, by introducing the rectangular notch at the ground plane, the upper passband spectrum is suppressed while maintaining the wide impedance bandwidth of the antenna applicable for next-generation wireless communications, 5G. The measured result shows that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 149% from 2.9 to 20 GHz, apart from the four-notched frequencies at 3.49, 3.92, 4.57, and 5.23 GHz for a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of and equivalent formula, and it has been validated with simulated and measured results. The measurement and simulated results correspond well at the LC equivalent notch band rejecting the existing narrowband systems.
25 citations