Determinants of Environmental Efficiency in Bitter Gourd Production in Pakistani Punjab
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Cites background from "Determinants of Environmental Effic..."
...Bakhsh (2012) and Bakhsh et al. (2014) find that farmers can attain the same productivity by reducing the pesticides as there exists environmental inefficiency in pesticide use....
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5 citations
5 citations
Additional excerpts
...…were commonly applied in many previous studies related to evaluate the environmental efficiency of agricultural farms (Reinhard et al. 1999; Reinhard et al. 2000; Reinhard et al. 2002; Zhang and Xue 2005; Kiatpathomchai 2008; Abedullah et al. 2010; Bakhsh et al. 2014; Ullah and Perret 2014)....
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...could cause environmental pollution were commonly applied in many previous studies related to evaluate the environmental efficiency of agricultural farms (Reinhard et al. 1999; Reinhard et al. 2000; Reinhard et al. 2002; Zhang and Xue 2005; Kiatpathomchai 2008; Abedullah et al. 2010; Bakhsh et al. 2014; Ullah and Perret 2014)....
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References
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"Determinants of Environmental Effic..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Taking the estimates of technical efficiency as dependent variable has been criticized by Battese and Coelli (1995) in the second stage analysis since, assumptions of independently and identically distribution of u is violated, so one cannot employ OLS for estimating determinants of technical…...
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...Following Battese and Coelli (1995, 1992) stochastic frontier production function can be written as }exp{),( iiii uvxfy (1) Here iy is the production level of ith farmer, ix is a vector of inputs, indicates unknown parameters to be estimated. iv is a random error term with the assumptions…...
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...Taking the estimates of technical efficiency as dependent variable has been criticized by Battese and Coelli (1995) in the second stage analysis since, assumptions of independently and identically distribution of u is violated, so one cannot employ OLS for estimating determinants of technical efficiency....
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2,884 citations
"Determinants of Environmental Effic..." refers background in this paper
...Following Battese and Coelli (1995, 1992) stochastic frontier production function can be written as }exp{),( iiii uvxfy (1) Here iy is the production level of ith farmer, ix is a vector of inputs, indicates unknown parameters to be estimated. iv is a random error term with the assumptions…...
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1,748 citations
"Determinants of Environmental Effic..." refers methods in this paper
...Environmental effects being undesirable output were first considered by Pittman (1983) and then applied by Fare et al. (1989, 1993) using environmental affects as undesirable output while estimating efficiency....
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