Determination of residues of endosulfan and five pyrethroid insecticides in virgin olive oil using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
TL;DR: A simple, fast and economical method has been developed for the determination of endosulfan and five pyrethroid insecticides, cypermethrin, deltamethrine, fenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin in virgin olive oil.
About: This article is published in Journal of Chromatography A.The article was published on 2001-07-06. It has received 104 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cypermethrin & Pyrethroid.
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TL;DR: This review addresses the main sample treatment methodologies for pesticide residue analysis in fatty vegetable matrices and emphasizes that sample preparation is a critical step, but also the determination method is, and cannot be treated separately from sample treatment.
253 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based fluorescence nanosensor was developed by anchoring the MIP layer on the surface of silica nanospheres embedded CdSe quantum dots via a surface molecular imprinting process.
Abstract: This paper reports the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based fluorescence nanosensor which is developed by anchoring the MIP layer on the surface of silica nanospheres embedded CdSe quantum dots (QDs) via a surface molecular imprinting process. The molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres (CdSe@SiO2@MIP) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR spectroscopy, and so forth, which demonstrated the formation of uniform core−shell lambda-cyhalothrin(LC)-imprinted silica nanospheres. The synthesized CdSe@SiO2@MIP shows higher photostability, and allows a highly selective and sensitive determination of LC via FL intensity decreasing when removal of the original templates. The CdSe@SiO2@MIP was applied to detect trace LC in water without the interference of other pyrethroids and ions. Under optimal conditions, the relative FL intensity of CdSe@SiO2@MIP decreased linearly with the increasing LC in the concentration in the range of 0.1−1000 μM with a d...
222 citations
TL;DR: The recoveries obtained, confirm the usefulness of the proposed methodology for the analyses of these kind of complex samples with a high fat content, and the obtained detection limits meet the requirements established by the olive oil pesticide regulatory programs.
219 citations
TL;DR: The consistency of the pesticide recoveries for different samples in multiple experiments and the physicochemical partitioning explanation for <70% recoveries of lipophilic pesticides justify compensation of results for the empirically determined recovery values.
Abstract: A simple method was evaluated for the determination of pesticide residues in flaxseeds, doughs, and peanuts using gas chromatography−time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) for analysis. A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, which was previously optimized for cereal grain samples, was evaluated in these fatty matrices. This extraction method involves first mixing the sample with 1:1 water/acetonitrile for an hour to swell the matrix and permit the salt-out liquid−liquid partitioning step using anhydrous MgSO4 and NaCl. After shaking and centrifugation, cleanup is done by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) using 150 mg of anhydrous MgSO4, 150 mg of PSA, and 50 mg of C-18 per milliliter of extract. This method gave efficient separation of pesticides from fat and removal of coextracted substances better than gel permeation chromatography or use of a freeze-out step, which involved excessive use of solvent and/or time. The optimized analytical conditions were e...
192 citations
TL;DR: A review of the most significant methods for determining pesticides in olive oil is presented in this paper, where the discussion of sample-treatment procedures is focused on not only the final product (olive oil), but also the direct analysis of the raw material (OLive fruits).
Abstract: Pesticide-residue determination in olive oil is becoming a very important and challenging issue. The present article provides a review of the most significant methods for determining pesticides in olive oil. The discussion of sample-treatment procedures is focused on not only the final product (olive oil), but also the direct analysis of the raw material (olive fruits). We outline extraction and clean-up procedures (e.g., liquid-liquid partition, gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), solid-phase extraction (SPE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS). However, we pay specially attention to the clean-up stage, which plays an important role in the whole process.
In addition, identification and quantitation of pesticides have been carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to different detectors (flame-ionization (FID), nitrogen-phosphorus (NPD) and electron-capture (ECD), although either GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode or GC-tandem MS (GC-MS2) are becoming the combination of choice, because of higher selectivity and confirmation capabilities. In recent years, the appearance of new, more polar pesticides has prompted the use of liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) instead of GC-MS, and we outline its advantageous features for the analyses of polar pesticides in olive oil.
162 citations
References
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01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present official methods of analysis of AOAC International, official methods for analysis of aOAC-related project, and a set of methods for the analysis of their work.
Abstract: Official methods of analysis of AOAC International , Official methods of analysis of AOAC International , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
8,888 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the observed chromatographic response for organophosphorus pesticides in extracts from milk and butterfat is shown to be matrix dependent, and the preferred method of calibration is to use matrix standard solutions prepared by adding known amounts of organoproporus pesticides to residue-free sample matrix.
294 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that calibration solution prepared in control matrix extrix extract can be used to compensate for matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement observed for certain pesticedes.
Abstract: In this study, it is shown that calibration solution prepared in control matrix extrix extract can be used to compensate for matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement observed for certain pesticedes. This phenomenon is characterized by enhanced chromatographic response for certain pesticides in the presence of matrix du to reduced analyte loss during injection. Unacceptably high recoveries are seen for affected pesticides when maatrix-free solutions are used for reference and calibration. The effects of matrix concentration on overall enhancement and linear response were determined. When used as reference standards for the determination of recovery, matrix-standard solutions were found to provide acceptable recoveries for pesticides subject to matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement along with other pesticides. General guidelines are presented for using matrix-standard calibration solutions in pesticide residue analysis.
118 citations
TL;DR: A simple, extremely low-cost method using low-temperature lipid precipitation has been developed for the rapid analysis of virgin olive oil for organophosphorus insecticides and triazine herbicides commonly used in olive groves.
95 citations
TL;DR: It would be preferable not to rely only on chemical pest control treatments but to develop and apply alternative plant protection techniques such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), to facilitate international trade of this commodity.
Abstract: The olive tree (Olea europea) is a subtropical tree that grows in temperate climates and may be cultivated in arid and infertile areas. According to the International Olive Oil Council's (I00C) estimate, 750 million trees are grown worldwide, covering a to tal area of 9 million hectares (Kyritsakis 1988).Of these, 98070 are grown in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, whereas the remaining 2% are grown in America. The olive tree is cultivated for its fruit, which is rich in oil. The total world production of olive fruits is estimated to be 8-9 million metric tons, of which a small part (0.4-0.7 million metric tons) is used for the preparation of table olives (fruits eaten after various processing treatments).
41 citations