Developing an adaptive control algorithm for Europe

doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00013-0

Home
/
Papers
/
Developing an adaptive control algorithm for Europe

Journal Article•DOI•

Developing an adaptive control algorithm for Europe

Kathryn J McCartney¹, J. Fergus Nicol¹•Institutions (1)

Oxford Brookes University¹

01 Jul 2002-Energy and Buildings (Elsevier)-Vol. 34, Iss: 6, pp 623-635

TL;DR: The results show that use of the ACA has potential for energy savings in the climate-control services of a building with no reduction in the perceived thermal comfort levels of that building’s occupants.

read less

About: This article is published in Energy and Buildings.The article was published on 2002-07-01. It has received 446 citations till now.

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings

[...]

J.F. Nicol¹, Michael Humphreys¹•Institutions (1)

Oxford Brookes University¹

01 Jul 2002-Energy and Buildings

TL;DR: The origin and development of the adaptive approach to thermal comfort is explained, and recommendations made as to the best comfort temperature, the range of comfortable environments and the maximum rate of change of indoor temperature.

...read moreread less

1,564 citations

Cites background from "Developing an adaptive control algo..."

...Proceedings of CIBSE National Conference Bournemouth, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London UK McCartney, K.J. and Nicol, J.F. (2001) Developing an adaptive control algorithm for Europe: results of the SCATS project....
[...]
...Surveys in Pakistan (Nicol et al 1999) and Europe (McCartney and Nicol 2001) were conducted at monthly intervals throughout the year (Figure 2b)....
[...]
...Building and Environment 21 (1) pp 11-24 Stoops, J. Pavlou, C., Santamouris, M. and Tsangrassoulis, A. (2000) Report to Task 5 of the SCATS project (Estimation of Energy Saving Potential of the Adaptive Algorithm) (Contract no JOE3CT970066) European Commission Wilkins J. (1995)....
[...]
...Recent surveys (Nicol and Raja 1995, McCartney et al 1998, McCartney and Nicol 2001) have tried to determine the rate of change of comfort temperature using comfort surveys conducted over a period of time....
[...]
...ISO (1994) Moderate thermal environments – determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva Kolokotroni, M., Kukadia, V. and Perera, M.D.A.E.S. (1996): NATVENT - European project on overcoming technical barriers to low-energy natural ventilation, Proceedings of the CIBSE/ASHRAE joint national Conference 1996 Chartered Inst. of Bldg Serv....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment

[...]

Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp¹, Natalia Giraldo Vásquez¹, Roberto Lamberts¹•Institutions (1)

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina¹

15 Oct 2015-Energy and Buildings

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on human thermal comfort in the built environment is presented, which includes standards, indoor experiments in controlled environments, indoor field studies in educational, office, residential and other building types, productivity, human physiological models, outdoor and semi-outdoor field studies.

...read moreread less

609 citations

Cites background from "Developing an adaptive control algo..."

...the European project Smart Controls and Thermal Comfort (SCATs) [40]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Derivation of the adaptive equations for thermal comfort in free-running buildings in European standard EN15251

[...]

Fergus Nicol¹, Michael Humphreys²•Institutions (2)

London Metropolitan University¹, Oxford Brookes University²

01 Jan 2010-Building and Environment

TL;DR: In this paper, a relationship between indoor comfort and outdoor climate was developed for free-running buildings using data collected in the EU project Smart Controls and Thermal Comfort (SCATs), and the indoor comfort conditions were related to the running mean of the outdoor temperature, and the effects of air movement and humidity.

...read moreread less

460 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Adaptive thermal comfort standards in the hot–humid tropics

[...]

Fergus Nicol¹•Institutions (1)

Oxford Brookes University¹

01 Jul 2004-Energy and Buildings

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some of the evidence and suggests ways in which International standards are failing and how they might be complemented using adaptive comfort standards derived from the results of local comfort surveys.

...read moreread less

411 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Interactions with window openings by office occupants

[...]

Frédéric Haldi¹, Darren Robinson¹•Institutions (1)

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne¹

01 Dec 2009-Building and Environment

TL;DR: A hybrid of these techniques which models stochastic usage behaviour in a comprehensive and efficient way is proposed, and an algorithm for implementing this model in dynamic building simulation tools is described.

...read moreread less

398 citations

1
2
3
4
…
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

[...]

Standard Ashrae

01 Jan 1992

5,855 citations

Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference - eScholarship

[...]

Richard de Dear, Gail Brager

01 Jan 1998

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the semantics of thermal comfort in terms of thermal sensation, acceptability, and preference, as a function of both indoor and outdoor temperature, as predicted by the adaptive hypothesis.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The adaptive hypothesis predicts that contextual factors and past thermal history modify building occupants' thermal expectations and preferences. One of the predictions of the adaptive hypothesis is that people in warm climate zones prefer warmer indoor temperatures than people living in cold climate zones. This is contrary to the static assumptions underlying the current ASHRAE comfort standard 55-92. To examine the adaptive hypothesis and its implications for Standard 55-92, the ASHRAE RP-884 project assembled a quality-controlled database from thermal comfort field experiments worldwide (circa 21,000 observations from 160 buildings). Our statistical analysis examined the semantics of thermal comfort in terms of thermal sensation, acceptability, and preference, as a function of both indoor and outdoor temperature. Optimum indoor temperatures tracked both prevailing indoor and outdoor temperatures, as predicted by the adaptive hypothesis. The static predicted means vote (PMV) model was shown to be partially adaptive by accounting for behavioral adjustments, and fully explained adaptation occurring in HVAC buildings. Occupants in naturally ventilated buildings were tolerant of a significantly wider range of temperatures, explained by a combination of both behavioral adjustment and psychological adaptation. These results formed the basis of a proposal for a variable indoor temperature standard.

...read moreread less

1,747 citations

"Developing an adaptive control algo..." refers background in this paper

...De Dear and Brager made an extensive inspection of the ASHRAE database of thermal comfort field studies [14]....
[...]

Journal Article•

Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference

[...]

Richard de Dear, Gail Brager¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Berkeley¹

01 Jan 1998-Center for the Built Environment

TL;DR: In this paper, the adaptive hypothesis predicts that contextual factors and past thermal history modify building occupants' thermal expectations and preferences, which is contrary to static assumptions underlying the current ASHRAE comfort standard 55-92.

...read moreread less

1,455 citations

Moderate Thermal Environments Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort

[...]

P. O. Fanger

01 Jan 1984

1,101 citations

Understanding the adaptive approach to thermal comfort

[...]

Humphreys, J.F. Nicol

01 Oct 1998

TL;DR: The evaluation of the parameters of the adaptive model requires cross-sectional surveys to establish current norms and sequential surveys to evaluate the rapidity of people`s adaptive actions.

...read moreread less

Abstract: This paper explains the adaptive approach to thermal comfort, and an adaptive model for thermal comfort is presented. The model is an example of a complex adaptive system (Casti 1996) whose equilibria are determined by the restrictions acting upon it. People`s adaptive actions are generally effective in securing comfort, which occurs at a wide variety of indoor temperatures. These comfort temperatures depend upon the circumstances in which people live, such as the climate and the heating or cooling regime. The temperatures may be estimated from the mean outdoor temperature and the availability of a heating or cooling plant. The evaluation of the parameters of the adaptive model requires cross-sectional surveys to establish current norms and sequential surveys (with and without intervention) to evaluate the rapidity of people`s adaptive actions. Standards for thermal comfort will need revision in the light of the adaptive approach. Implications of the adaptive model for the HVAC industry are noted.

...read moreread less

484 citations