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Development and application of a sampling method for the determination of reactive halogen species in volcanic gas emissions
Julian Rüdiger,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Marcello Liotta,Thorsten Hoffmann +5 more
- pp 4399
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TLDR
This finding is in an agreement with previous model studies, which imply values <44% for plume ages <1 min, which is consistent with the assumed plume age at the sampling sites.Abstract:
Volcanoes release large amounts of reactive trace gases including sulfur and halogen-containing species into the atmosphere. The knowledge of halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes can deliver information about subsurface processes and is relevant for the understanding of the impact of volcanoes on atmospheric chemistry. In this study, a gas diffusion denuder sampling method using 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (1,3,5-TMB)-coated glass tubes for the in situ derivatization of reactive halogen species (RHS) was characterized by a series of laboratory experiments. The coating proved to be applicable to collect selectively gaseous bromine species with oxidation states (OS) of +1 or 0 (such as Br2, BrCl, HOBr, BrO, and BrONO2) while being unreactive to HBr (OS −1). The reaction of 1,3,5-TMB with reactive bromine species forms 1-bromo-2,4,6-TMB—other halogens give corresponding derivatives. Solvent elution of the derivatives followed by analysis with GC-MS results in absolute detection limits of a few nanograms for Br2, Cl2, and I2. In 2015, the technique was applied on volcanic gas plumes at Mt. Etna (Italy) measuring reactive bromine mixing ratios between 0.8 and 7.0 ppbv. Total bromine mixing ratios between 4.7 and 27.5 ppbv were derived from alkaline trap samples, simultaneously taken by a Raschig tube and analyzed with IC and ICP-MS. This leads to the first results of the reactive bromine contribution to total bromine in volcanic emissions, spanning over a range between 12% (±1) and 36% (±2). Our finding is in an agreement with previous model studies, which imply values <44% for plume ages <1 min, which is consistent with the assumed plume age at the sampling sites.read more
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Real-time analysis of ambient organic aerosols using aerosol flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow mass spectrometry (AeroFAPA-MS)
TL;DR: The development and characterization of a new soft ionization technique that allows mass spectrometric real-time detection of organic compounds in aerosols and the potential of this technique to enable new insights into aerosol formation, growth, and transformation in the atmosphere is revealed.
Posted ContentDOI
Multicopter measurements of volcanic gas emissions at Masaya (Nicaragua), Turrialba (Costa Rica) and Stromboli (Italy) volcanoes: Applications for volcano monitoring and insights into halogen speciation
Julian Rüdiger,Julian Rüdiger,Lukas Tirpitz,J. Maarten de Moor,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Alexandra Gutmann,Marco Liuzzo,Martha Ibarra,Thorsten Hoffmann +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the successful deployment of a multirotor UAV (quadcopter) system with custom-made lightweight payloads on board for the compositional analysis and gas flux estimation of volcanic plumes.
Volcanic emissions of molecular chlorine
Michael Zelenski,Yuri Taran +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a case of abiogenic heterogeneous catalysis in nature and examples of gas-rock interactions that affect the composition of volcanic gases were described. But the results of the experiments were limited to the Tolbachik scoria cones, Kamchatka, which were still hot after the 1975-1976 eruption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochemical characterization of volcanic gas emissions at Santa Ana and San Miguel volcanoes, El Salvador, using remote-sensing and in situ measurements
Xochilt Gutiérrez,Nicole Bobrowski,Julian Rüdiger,Marcello Liotta,T. Hoffmann,Eduardo Gutiérrez,Florian Dinger,Francisco Montalvo,B. Escobar +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used the data series from these NOVAC stations in order to retrieve SO2 and minimum bromine emissions, which can be retrieved from the same spectral data for the period 2006-2020 at Santa Ana and 2008-2019 at San Miguel.
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