Development and implementation of an FPGA based fractional order controller for a DC motor
TL;DR: This paper proposes a simple approach for designing a fractional order PI controller for controlling the speed of a DC motor, implemented on an FPGA target and its performance is compared to other possible benchmarks.
About: This article is published in Mechatronics.The article was published on 2013-10-01. It has received 98 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: DC motor & PID controller.
Citations
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TL;DR: An aggregate model of EV fleets and improved version of fractional order (FO) controller is provided in all the areas for robust LFC considering bilateral transactions and Numerous simulations are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Abstract: Introduction of vehicle-to-grid technology offer electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in different ancillary services under competitive electric market. EVs provide an opportunity to grow new products and services for grid management. Particularly, EVs, which is a new form of distributed energy storage, can be used to compensate the uncontracted power in the local area if the contracts between the market players are violated. This paper presents the participation of EVs for load frequency control (LFC) under deregulated environment along with other conventional sources such as hydro, thermal, and gas turbine units. An aggregate model of EV fleets and improved version of fractional order (FO) controller is provided in all the areas for robust LFC considering bilateral transactions. Flower pollination algorithm, which is one of the new proven nature inspired algorithm employed to choose the optimal parameters of the FO controllers under several scenarios. Numerous simulations are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
199 citations
Cites background from "Development and implementation of a..."
...Recently, there have been several breakthroughs in the analog realization of real time FO controller for different applications such as direct current (DC) motor [31], selectable fractional order for industrial applications [32]....
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TL;DR: The chaotic NSGAII algorithm is used as the optimizer to search true Pareto-front of the FOPID controller and designers can implement each of them based on objective functions priority, validate the superiority of the fractional order controllers over the integer controllers.
194 citations
TL;DR: The applicability of fractional order (FO) automatic generation control (AGC) for power system frequency oscillation damping is investigated in this paper, employing distributed energy generation.
Abstract: The applicability of fractional order (FO) automatic generation control (AGC) for power system frequency oscillation damping is investigated in this paper, employing distributed energy generation. The hybrid power system employs various autonomous generation systems like wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, diesel engine, fuel-cell, and aqua electrolyzer, along with other energy storage devices like the battery and flywheel. The controller is placed in a remote location while receiving and sending signals over an unreliable communication network with stochastic delay. The controller parameters are tuned using robust optimization techniques employing different variants of particle swarm optimization and are compared with the corresponding optimal solutions. An archival-based strategy is used for reducing the number of function evaluations for the robust optimization methods. The solutions obtained through the robust optimization are able to handle higher variation in the controller gains and orders without significant decrease in the system performance. This is desirable from the FO controller implementation point of view, as the design is able to accommodate variations in the system parameter, which may result due to the approximation of FO operators using different realization methods and order of accuracy. Also a comparison is made between the FO and the integer order controllers to highlight the merits and demerits of each scheme.
158 citations
Cites methods from "Development and implementation of a..."
..., digital realization using fixed and floating point representation [34], analog realization for fixed order [35], and finally variable selectable order [36]....
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TL;DR: A gravitational search algorithm combined with the Cauchy and Gaussian mutation, named as CGGSA, is proposed and used to optimize the FOPID controller parameters and results indicate that the C GGSA has shown excellent optimization ability compared with some popular meta-heuristics on benchmark functions.
135 citations
TL;DR: A novel approach for the auto-tuning of fractional order controllers is proposed, based on a simple experiment that is able to determine the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process required in the computation of the controller parameters.
Abstract: Fractional order PID controllers benefit from an increasing amount of interest from the research community due to their proven advantages. The classical tuning approach for these controllers is based on specifying a certain gain crossover frequency, a phase margin and a robustness to gain variations. To tune the fractional order controllers, the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process at the imposed gain crossover frequency are required. Usually these values are obtained from a mathematical model of the process, e.g. a transfer function. In the absence of such model, an auto-tuning method that is able to estimate these values is a valuable alternative. Auto-tuning methods are among the least discussed design methods for fractional order PID controllers. This paper proposes a novel approach for the auto-tuning of fractional order controllers. The method is based on a simple experiment that is able to determine the modulus, phase and phase slope of the process required in the computation of the controller parameters. The proposed design technique is simple and efficient in ensuring the robustness of the closed loop system. Several simulation examples are presented, including the control of processes exhibiting integer and fractional order dynamics.
122 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a fractional-order PI/sup/spl lambda/D/sup /spl mu/controller with fractionalorder integrator and fractional order differentiator is proposed.
Abstract: Dynamic systems of an arbitrary real order (fractional-order systems) are considered. The concept of a fractional-order PI/sup /spl lambda//D/sup /spl mu//-controller, involving fractional-order integrator and fractional-order differentiator, is proposed. The Laplace transform formula for a new function of the Mittag-Leffler-type made it possible to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the unit-step and unit-impulse response of a linear fractional-order system with fractional-order controller for both open- and closed-loops. An example demonstrating the use of the obtained formulas and the advantages of the proposed PI/sup /spl lambda//D/sup /spl mu//-controllers is given.
2,479 citations
Book•
31 May 2010
TL;DR: The Eulerian Functions The Bessel Functions The Error Functions The Exponential Integral Functions The Mittag-Leffler Functions The Wright Functions as mentioned in this paper The Eulerians Functions
Abstract: Essentials of Fractional Calculus Essentials of Linear Viscoelasticity Fractional Viscoelastic Media Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Dispersion and Dissipation Waves in Linear Viscoelastic Media: Asymptotic Methods Pulse Evolution in Fractional Viscoelastic Media The Eulerian Functions The Bessel Functions The Error Functions The Exponential Integral Functions The Mittag-Leffler Functions The Wright Functions.
1,593 citations
TL;DR: Two discretization methods for fractional-order differentiator s/sup r/ where r is a real number via continued fraction expansion (CFE) via the Al-Alaoui operator and a direct recursion of the Tustin operator are presented.
Abstract: For fractional-order differentiator s/sup r/ where r is a real number, its discretization is a key step in digital implementation. Two discretization methods are presented. The first scheme is a direct recursive discretization of the Tustin operator. The second one is a direct discretization method using the Al-Alaoui operator via continued fraction expansion (CFE). The approximate discretization is minimum phase and stable. Detailed discretization procedures and short MATLAB scripts are given. Examples are included for illustration.
543 citations
TL;DR: A new tuning method for fractional order proportional and derivative (PD ¿) or FO-PD controller is proposed for a class of typical second-order plants and shows that the closed-loop system can achieve favorable dynamic performance and robustness.
Abstract: In recent years, it is remarkable to see the increasing number of studies related to the theory and application of fractional order controller (FOC), specially PI ? D ? controller, in many areas of science and engineering. Research activities are focused on developing new analysis and design methods for fractional order controllers as an extension of classical control theory. In this paper, a new tuning method for fractional order proportional and derivative (PD ?) or FO-PD controller is proposed for a class of typical second-order plants. The tuned FO-PD controller can ensure that the given gain crossover frequency and phase margin are fulfilled, and furthermore, the phase derivative w. r. t. the frequency is zero, i.e., the phase Bode plot is flat at the given gain crossover frequency. Consequently, the closed-loop system is robust to gain variations. The FOC design method proposed in the paper is practical and simple to apply. Simulation and experimental results show that the closed-loop system can achieve favorable dynamic performance and robustness.
378 citations