Development and Validation of TQM Implementation Constructs

doi:10.1111/J.1540-5915.1996.TB00842.X

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Development and Validation of TQM Implementation Constructs

Journal Article•DOI•

Development and Validation of TQM Implementation Constructs

Sanjay L. Ahire¹, Damodar Y. Golhar¹, Matthew A. Waller²•Institutions (2)

Western Michigan University¹, University of Arkansas²

01 Mar 1996-Decision Sciences (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 27, Iss: 1, pp 23-56

TL;DR: Through a detailed analysis of the literature, this research identifies 12 constructs of integrated QM strategies and using a survey of 371 manufacturing firms, the constructs are empirically tested and validated.

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Abstract: The contemporary quality management (QM) literature prescribes various quality improvement strategies. However, it lacks scientifically developed and tested constructs that represent an integrative QM philosophy. Moreover, an impact of the prescribed QM strategies on a firm's product quality has not been analyzed. Through a detailed analysis of the literature, this research identifies 12 constructs of integrated QM strategies. Using a survey of 371 manufacturing firms, the constructs are then empirically tested and validated. LISREL 7 is used for this purpose. Finally, a framework to examine the effects of integrated QM strategies on a firm's product quality is suggested. Comparisons between this and two other comprehensive scales of TQM are made.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Lean manufacturing: context, practice bundles, and performance

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Rachna Shah¹, Peter T. Ward²•Institutions (2)

University of Minnesota¹, Max M. Fisher College of Business²

01 Mar 2003-Journal of Operations Management

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of three contextual factors, plant size, plant age and unionization status, on the likelihood of implementing 22 manufacturing practices that are key facets of lean production systems are examined.

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2,576 citations

Cites background from "Development and Validation of TQM I..."

...…(TPM), Total Quality Management (TQM), and Human Resource Management (HRM) are conceptually, theoretically, and empirically well established (Ahire et al., 1996, Samson and Terziovski, 1999, Davy, 1992; Cua, 2000; Flynn et al., 1994; Flynn et al., 1995; McKone and Weiss, 1999; McKone et…...
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...(TQM), and human resource management (HRM) are conceptually, theoretically, and empirically well established (Ahire et al., 1996; Samson and Terziovski, 1999; Davy et al., 1992; Cua, 2000; Flynn et al., 1994, 1995; McKone and Weiss, 1999; McKone et al., 1999; McLachlin, 1997; Sakakibara et al., 1997; Schroeder and Flynn, 2001; Osterman, 1994; Pil and MacDuffie, 1996; Ichniowski et al., 1994)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Towards a theory of supply chain management: the constructs and measurements

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Injazz J. Chen¹, Antony Paulraj²•Institutions (2)

Cleveland State University¹, College of Business Administration²

01 Apr 2004-Journal of Operations Management

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and consolidate various supply chain initiatives and factors to develop key SCM constructs conducive to advancing the field and synthesize the large, fragmented body of work dispersed across many disciplines.

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2,290 citations

Cites background or methods from "Development and Validation of TQM I..."

...The supplier quality management strategies, however, must result in good supplier performance in terms of reliability, competence, and cooperation (Ahire et al., 1996)....
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...…element of this strategy, this theoretical construct is formulated based on the importance given to customers in the execution of strategic planning, quality initiatives, product customization, and responsiveness (Stalk et al., 1992; Ahire et al., 1996; Carson et al., 1998; Tan et al., 1999)....
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...The indicators for this construct are integrated from prior research (e.g.,Ahire et al., 1996; Tan et al., 1998, 1999; Jayaram et al., 1999; Kathuria, 2000; Shin et al., 2000)....
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...Therefore, this theoretical construct is conceptualized to involve two-way communication and interaction with suppliers (Hahn et al., 1990; Morgan and Zimmerman, 1990; Krause and Ellram, 1997; Carr and Pearson, 1999; Carr and Smeltzer, 1999; Krause, 1999)....
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...These constructs are operationalized based on prior research (e.g.,Miller, 1991; Handfield, 1993; St. John and Heriot, 1993; Stuart, 1993; Van Hoek, 1998; Krause, 1999)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The relationship between total quality management practices and operational performance

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Danny Samson¹, Mile Terziovski²•Institutions (2)

University of Melbourne¹, Monash University²

01 Jun 1999-Journal of Operations Management

TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between total quality management practices and operational performance of a large number of manufacturing companies in order to determine the relationships between these practices, individually and collectively, and firm performance, and found that the categories of leadership, management of people and customer focus were the strongest significant predictors of operational performance.

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1,559 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

AIMQ: a methodology for information quality assessment

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Yang W. Lee¹, Diane M. Strong², Beverly K. Kahn³, Richard Y. Wang⁴•Institutions (4)

College of Business Administration¹, Worcester Polytechnic Institute², Suffolk University³, Boston University⁴

01 Dec 2002-Information & Management

TL;DR: The methodology encompasses a model of IQ, a questionnaire to measure IQ, and analysis techniques for interpreting the IQ measures, which are applied to analyze the gap between an organization and best practices.

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1,542 citations

Cites background from "Development and Validation of TQM I..."

...These best practices form the benchmark against which performance is measured [1,40]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance

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Hale Kaynak¹•Institutions (1)

University of Texas–Pan American¹

01 Jul 2003-Journal of Operations Management

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the relationships among TQM practices and examine the direct and indirect effects of these practices on various levels of organizational performance, using cross-sectional mail survey data collected from firms operating in the US.

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1,521 citations

Cites background or methods from "Development and Validation of TQM I..."

...(1994) Ahire et al. (1996) Black and Porter (1996) Malcolm Baldrige Award (Criteria for Performance Excellence, 2002 )...
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...In measurement studies, each item in the scale can be considered a different method for measuring the construct ( Ahire et al., 1996)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.

[...]

Lee J. Cronbach¹•Institutions (1)

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign¹

01 Sep 1951-Psychometrika

TL;DR: In this paper, a general formula (α) of which a special case is the Kuder-Richardson coefficient of equivalence is shown to be the mean of all split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of a test, therefore an estimate of the correlation between two random samples of items from a universe of items like those in the test.

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Abstract: A general formula (α) of which a special case is the Kuder-Richardson coefficient of equivalence is shown to be the mean of all split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of a test. α is therefore an estimate of the correlation between two random samples of items from a universe of items like those in the test. α is found to be an appropriate index of equivalence and, except for very short tests, of the first-factor concentration in the test. Tests divisible into distinct subtests should be so divided before using the formula. The index $$\bar r_{ij} $$ , derived from α, is shown to be an index of inter-item homogeneity. Comparison is made to the Guttman and Loevinger approaches. Parallel split coefficients are shown to be unnecessary for tests of common types. In designing tests, maximum interpretability of scores is obtained by increasing the first-factor concentration in any separately-scored subtest and avoiding substantial group-factor clusters within a subtest. Scalability is not a requisite.

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37,235 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures

[...]

Peter M. Bentler, Douglas G. Bonett

01 Nov 1980-Psychological Bulletin

TL;DR: In this article, a general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models, and the importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models.

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Abstract: Factor analysis, path analysis, structural equation modeling, and related multivariate statistical methods are based on maximum likelihood or generalized least squares estimation developed for covariance structure models. Large-sample theory provides a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for comparing a model against a general alternative model based on correlated variables. This model comparison is insufficient for model evaluation: In large samples virtually any model tends to be rejected as inadequate, and in small samples various competing models, if evaluated, might be equally acceptable. A general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models. Use of the null model in the context of a procedure that sequentially evaluates the statistical necessity of various sets of parameters places statistical methods in covariance structure analysis into a more complete framework. The concepts of ideal models and pseudo chi-square tests are introduced, and their roles in hypothesis testing are developed. The importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models is also emphasized. Normed and nonnormed fit indices are developed and illustrated.

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16,420 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.

[...]

Donald T. Campbell, Donald W. Fiske

01 Mar 1959-Psychological Bulletin

TL;DR: This transmutability of the validation matrix argues for the comparisons within the heteromethod block as the most generally relevant validation data, and illustrates the potential interchangeability of trait and method components.

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Abstract: Content Memory (Learning Ability) As Comprehension 82 Vocabulary Cs .30 ( ) .23 .31 ( ) .31 .31 .35 ( ) .29 .48 .35 .38 ( ) .30 .40 .47 .58 .48 ( ) As judged against these latter values, comprehension (.48) and vocabulary (.47), but not memory (.31), show some specific validity. This transmutability of the validation matrix argues for the comparisons within the heteromethod block as the most generally relevant validation data, and illustrates the potential interchangeability of trait and method components. Some of the correlations in Chi's (1937) prodigious study of halo effect in ratings are appropriate to a multitrait-multimethod matrix in which each rater might be regarded as representing a different method. While the published report does not make these available in detail because it employs averaged values, it is apparent from a comparison of his Tables IV and VIII that the ratings generally failed to meet the requirement that ratings of the same trait by different raters should correlate higher than ratings of different traits by the same rater. Validity is shown to the extent that of the correlations in the heteromethod block, those in the validity diagonal are higher than the average heteromethod-heterotrait values. A conspicuously unsuccessful multitrait-multimethod matrix is provided by Campbell (1953, 1956) for rating of the leadership behavior of officers by themselves and by their subordinates. Only one of 11 variables (Recognition Behavior) met the requirement of providing a validity diagonal value higher than any of the heterotrait-heteromethod values, that validity being .29. For none of the variables were the validities higher than heterotrait-monomethod values. A study of attitudes toward authority and nonauthority figures by Burwen and Campbell (1957) contains a complex multitrait-multimethod matrix, one symmetrical excerpt from which is shown in Table 6. Method variance was strong for most of the procedures in this study. Where validity was found, it was primarily at the level of validity diagonal values higher than heterotrait-heteromethod values. As illustrated in Table 6, attitude toward father showed this kind of validity, as did attitude toward peers to a lesser degree. Attitude toward boss showed no validity. There was no evidence of a generalized attitude toward authority which would include father and boss, although such values as the VALIDATION BY THE MULTITRAIT-MULTIMETHOD MATRIX

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15,795 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment

[...]

David W. Gerbing¹, James C. Anderson¹•Institutions (1)

Portland State University¹

01 May 1988-Journal of Marketing Research

TL;DR: An updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality is outlined, which involves embedding the unidimensional sets of indicators within a nomological network defined by the complete structural model.

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Abstract: The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations an...

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5,937 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research

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Richard P. Bagozzi¹, Youjae Yi, Lynn W. Phillips•Institutions (1)

University of Michigan¹

01 Sep 1991-Administrative Science Quarterly

5,565 citations