Journal Article•
Development of a Lipid Particle for β-Carotene Encapsulation Using a Blend of Tristearin and Sunflower Oil: Choice of Lipid Matrix and Evaluation of Shelf Life of Dispersions
09 Sep 2013-Food Technology and Biotechnology (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology (Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Prehrambeno-Biotechnolosk i Fakultet))-Vol. 51, Iss: 3, pp 383-391
TL;DR: In this article, the authors choose a suitable lipid matrix to produce solid lipid particles, which would be used to encapsulate b-carotene, and evaluate the capacity of dispersions to protect the incorporated carotenoid.
Abstract: Summary Solid lipid particles are colloidal carriers that have been studied for almost 20 years in the pharmaceutical field and recently have been investigated by food researchers due to their capacity to enhance the incorporation of lipophilic bioactives and their bioavailability in aqueous formulations. The aims of this study are to choose a suitable lipid matrix to produce solid lipid particles, which would be used to encapsulate b-carotene, and to evaluate the capacity of dispersions to protect the incorporated carotenoid. Bulk lipid mixtures of tristearin and sunflower oil were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray diffraction, and the mixture with the highest degree of structural disorganisation was chosen. b-Carotene was then encapsulated in solid lipid particles produced with this mixture, composed of 70 % tristearin and 30 % sunflower oil (6 % total lipid) and stabilised with hydrogenated soy lecithin and Tween 80 (3 % total surfactant) by hot pressure homogenisation. Two types of particles were produced, using one or two passages in the homogenisation step. Average particle size, zeta potential, thermal behaviour, crystallinity and b-carotene concentration were monitored over 4 months of storage (under refrigerated conditions). The results showed minor differences between the systems in terms of size distribution, although the particles produced with one passage through the homogeniser were slightly more efficient at protecting the b-carotene from degradation and also suffered few microstructural alterations after 4 months.
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Cites background from "Development of a Lipid Particle for..."
...The need for coencapsulation with an antioxidant to protect encapsulated beta-carotene has been also realized in other studies (Hentschel et al., 2008; Tikekar et al., 2011; Gomes et al., 2013)....
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TL;DR: Nanostructured lipid carriers exhibited advantages over the solid lipid nanoparticles, such as enhanced drug loading capacity and prevention of drug expulsion, which makes this a versatile delivery system for food applications.
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References
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TL;DR: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as discussed by the authors are a type of nano-emulsions with the dispersed phase being composed of a solid carrier lipid and bioactive ingredient mixture.
Abstract: The inclusion of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, or phytosterols, is an essential requisite for the production of functional foods designed to improve the long-term health and well-being of consumers worldwide. To incorporate these functional components successfully in a food system, structurally sophisticated encapsulation matrices have to be engineered, which provide maximal physical stability, protect ingredients against chemical degradation, and allow for precise control over the release of encapsulated components during mastication and digestion to maximize adsorption. A novel encapsulation system initially developed in the pharmaceutical industries to deliver lipophilic bioactive compounds is solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). SLN consist of crystallized nanoemulsions with the dispersed phase being composed of a solid carrier lipid–bioactive ingredient mixture. Contrary to larger colloidal solid lipid particles, specific crystal structures can be “dialed-in” in SLN by using specific surfactant mixtures and ensuring that mean particle sizes are below 100–200 nm. Moreover, in SLN, microphase separations of the bioactive compound from the solidifying lipid matrix can be prevented resulting in an even dispersion of the encapsulated compound in the solid matrix thereby improving chemical and physical stability of the bioactive. In this review article, we will briefly introduce the structure, properties, stability, and manufacturing of solid lipid particles and discuss their emerging use in food science.
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...The crystalline structure is intimately related to the chemical nature of the lipid and is a key factor in the phenomenon of incorporation or expulsion of the bioactive from the particles (22,23,26)....
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TL;DR: This mini-review describes some emerging formulation and biopharmaceutic strategies that hold promise for better understanding how to design and evaluate lipid-based dose forms.
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...Timms (42) defines this sub-b as a form that does not satisfy the criteria for a and b, showing a strong spacing at approx....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the preparation of β-carotene nanodispersions as potential active ingredients for food formulations using an emulsification-evaporation technique.
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TL;DR: The production, commercialization outlook, medical, and food applications of SLs are reviewed here and physical property measurements for SL in food systems and future research needs for increased industrial acceptance are included in this review.
Abstract: Generally, structured lipids (SLs) are triacylglycerols (TAGs) that have been modified to change the fatty acid composition and/or their positional distribution in glycerol backbone by chemically and/or enzymatically catalyzed reactions and/or genetic engineering. More specifically, SLs are modified TAGs with improved nutritional or functional properties. SLs provide an effective means for producing tailor-made lipids with desired physical characteristics, chemical properties, and/or nutritional benefits. The production, commercialization outlook, medical, and food applications of SLs are reviewed here. Physical property measurements for SL in food systems and future research needs for increased industrial acceptance are also included in this review.
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