Journal Article•
Development of a Lipid Particle for β-Carotene Encapsulation Using a Blend of Tristearin and Sunflower Oil: Choice of Lipid Matrix and Evaluation of Shelf Life of Dispersions
09 Sep 2013-Food Technology and Biotechnology (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology (Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Prehrambeno-Biotechnolosk i Fakultet))-Vol. 51, Iss: 3, pp 383-391
TL;DR: In this article, the authors choose a suitable lipid matrix to produce solid lipid particles, which would be used to encapsulate b-carotene, and evaluate the capacity of dispersions to protect the incorporated carotenoid.
Abstract: Summary Solid lipid particles are colloidal carriers that have been studied for almost 20 years in the pharmaceutical field and recently have been investigated by food researchers due to their capacity to enhance the incorporation of lipophilic bioactives and their bioavailability in aqueous formulations. The aims of this study are to choose a suitable lipid matrix to produce solid lipid particles, which would be used to encapsulate b-carotene, and to evaluate the capacity of dispersions to protect the incorporated carotenoid. Bulk lipid mixtures of tristearin and sunflower oil were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray diffraction, and the mixture with the highest degree of structural disorganisation was chosen. b-Carotene was then encapsulated in solid lipid particles produced with this mixture, composed of 70 % tristearin and 30 % sunflower oil (6 % total lipid) and stabilised with hydrogenated soy lecithin and Tween 80 (3 % total surfactant) by hot pressure homogenisation. Two types of particles were produced, using one or two passages in the homogenisation step. Average particle size, zeta potential, thermal behaviour, crystallinity and b-carotene concentration were monitored over 4 months of storage (under refrigerated conditions). The results showed minor differences between the systems in terms of size distribution, although the particles produced with one passage through the homogeniser were slightly more efficient at protecting the b-carotene from degradation and also suffered few microstructural alterations after 4 months.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This review evaluates recent advances in the development of phytochemical oral delivery systems, including microemulsions, nanoemulsion, emulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and biopolymer microgels.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanoparticlulate delivery system was prepared for developing a food grade carrier for the major bioactive constituent in green tea; (─)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), in order to protect it against degradation during storage and digestion under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions.
54 citations
TL;DR: These stable NLC particles produced from rambutan kernel fat may serve as useful carriers for the delivery of bioactive lipophilic nutraceuticals and pre-solidification at 5°C could createstable NLC with monodispersed-spherical lipid particles.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a phase inversion temperature (PIT) method was used to produce lipid nanoparticles from 10% cupuacu butter and 20% surfactant (Cremophor RH40 and Span 80).
38 citations
Cites background from "Development of a Lipid Particle for..."
...The need for coencapsulation with an antioxidant to protect encapsulated beta-carotene has been also realized in other studies (Hentschel et al., 2008; Tikekar et al., 2011; Gomes et al., 2013)....
[...]
TL;DR: Nanostructured lipid carriers exhibited advantages over the solid lipid nanoparticles, such as enhanced drug loading capacity and prevention of drug expulsion, which makes this a versatile delivery system for food applications.
37 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: Multilamellar liposomes incorporating essential oil of Brazilian cherry leaves were produced by dry film hydration and gas chromatography demonstrated the compounds found in the essential oil were effectively incorporated in the aqueous dispersions of liposome.
Abstract: Multilamellar liposomes incorporating essential oil of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves were produced by dry film hydration. Gas chromatography demonstrated the compounds found in the essential oil were effectively incorporated in the aqueous dispersions of liposomes. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed the incorporation of the essential oil did not cause phase separation in the membrane structure; the gel-liquid crystalline transition temperature (main transition) remained the same despite the higher heterogeneity indicated by the transition peak broadening. Different cryoprotectors (sucrose and trehalose) were added to the liposomal formulations to be tested in their ability to protect the liposomal structure during the lyophilization. The morphological aspect of the lyophilized powders analysed by scanning electron microscopy showed significant differences among the samples with and without cryoprotectors. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the cryoprotectors interacted effectively with the polar heads of phospholipids in the bilayer. In terms of water absorption, trehalose was identified as a much more effective protector agent against it than sucrose. The cryoprotectors showed different degrees of effectiveness of preservation of the liposomal structure when the rehydration assays of lyophilized liposomes were carried out, as particle size measurements indicated a moderate process of fusion when the formulations with sucrose were rehydrated.
56 citations
"Development of a Lipid Particle for..." refers background in this paper
...The latter would be possible because the liposomes, if present, would have been composed of Lipoid S-100-H, whose gel-liquid crystalline transition occurs at 55 °C (44)....
[...]
TL;DR: There is convincing evidence that foam cells can progress to form fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, and the evidence is convincing that elevations of plasma lipids caused by modification of dietary fat intake result in atherosclerosis.
Abstract: nants, to form foam cells. There is convincing evidence that foam cells can progress to form fibrous atherosclerotic plaques. There is a large body of scientific evidence, both in animal models and corroborated by human observational and intervention studies, showing that dietary fat intake is causally involved in atherogenesis and may also influence arterial thrombosis. With regard to the experimental feeding studies in animals, the evidence is convincing that elevations of plasma lipids caused by modification of dietary fat intake result in atherosclerosis. These animal studies indicate that fats high in saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA) promote atherosclerosis [Brown et al., 2007], whereas diets containing oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) inhibit atherosclerosis and low-fat diets do not promote atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the evidence from dietary intervention studies in man that dietary fat intake influences metabolic factors associated with risk of CVD.
52 citations
"Development of a Lipid Particle for..." refers background in this paper
...However, stearic acid is neutral with respect to cholesterol levels in the blood because its melting point is much higher than body temperature and because it is readily desaturated to oleic acid in vivo (31, 32)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have directly compared the rate of transport of oxygen and free radicals in SLNs and liquid emulsion prepared from the same lipid material (eicosane) at a fixed temperature.
Abstract: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) may have significant potential to limit oxidation of encapsulated bioactive compounds. This is based on the hypothesis that the solid core in SLNs can significantly limit the rate of transport of oxygen and free radicals into the lipid core from the aqueous phase. In this study, we have directly compared the rate of transport of oxygen and free radicals in SLNs and liquid emulsion prepared from the same lipid material (eicosane) at a fixed temperature. Eicosane nanoparticles stabilized by high melting lecithin and bile salts were used as a model system. The physical state (solid vs. liquid) of the lipid phase was engineered using the supercooling phenomenon of emulsified eicosane. Transport of oxygen and free radicals was measured based on changes in fluorescence intensity of oxygen or peroxyl radical sensitive dyes encapsulated in the lipid phase upon exposure to either air or peroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous phase. The results showed that the rate of oxygen transport was marginally reduced in SLNs as compared to liquid emulsion, while the rate of transport of peroxyl free radicals was not significantly affected by the physical state of the lipid core in SLNs and emulsion. Together, these results indicated that the solid core of SLNs does not significantly reduce the rate of transport of oxygen or free radicals as compared to the liquid core emulsion. To address this paradox, the distribution of encapsulated dye was characterized in both SLNs and emulsion using fluorescence imaging. The results showed significant redistribution of the encapsulated dye molecules with formation of the solid lipid core. In contrast to homogeneous distribution in the liquid emulsion, SLNs showed higher concentration of the dye at the periphery as compared to the center of the lipid droplet. The expulsion of encapsulated molecules to the surface of SLNs can potentially limit the ability of the solid core to protect encapsulated products from oxygen and free radicals.
51 citations
"Development of a Lipid Particle for..." refers background in this paper
...In regard to this particular aspect of crystallisation, Tikekar and Nitin (40) studied the influence of physical state (solid and liquid) of the lipid core on the rate of oxidation in lipid nanostructures and demonstrated that the rate of oxygen and peroxyl free radical transport was not significantly affected by the physical state of the structure....
[...]
TL;DR: Modified methods A and B were designed to minimise the degradation of β-carotene and tocols during the production of NLCs and improved the chemical stability of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds significantly compared to the previously established method.
44 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the crystallization exotherms indicated that the lipid matrix containing 50% (w/w) goat fat showed unique crystallization kinetics and possessed the lowest Avrami exponent, while goat fat alone showed slight change within the first 45 min of isothermal crystallization.
38 citations