Development of a self-sufficient dynamic façade within the context of climate change
TL;DR: In this article, the application of passive and climate adaptive building shells (CABS) is investigated as an opportunity for energizing building envelope design in the context of passive envelope design.
Abstract: Building envelope design is rising in relevance and, within this specific context, the application of passive and climate adaptive building shells (CABS) is investigated as an opportunity for energ...
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TL;DR: A review based on a systematic search is conducted to outline possible design approaches towards non-conventional adaptive facades (AFs) through simulations at early stage of design and distinguish the existing adaptive system typologies based on their key characteristics.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-phase optimization framework for conceptual urban design is developed to identify an acceptable range of design solutions by broadening the perspective of the field toward using a more customized optimization framework in early design that will further guarantee the requirements of energy efficient and sustainable cities.
12 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a multifunctional facade module (MFM) called ACTRESS (ACTive, RESponsive and Solar) has been conceived and a prototype built for analyzing the energy performance and the potentialities of such envelope components.
Abstract: Abstract Responsive building elements (RBEs), renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage within the building are considered as a key issue for the development of zero energy/emission buildings. The exploitation at the building scale of RES and of the opportunities offered by the environment can be achieved through the ability of the RBEs to dynamically adapt to changing environmental conditions. Among various concepts, advanced integrated facades (AIFs) are probably one the most promising technologies, due to the important role that the building envelope plays in controlling the energy and mass flows between the building and the outdoor environment. In the framework of a research activity on AIFs, a new multifunctional facade module (MFM), called ACTRESS (ACTive, RESponsive and Solar) has been conceived and a prototype built for analyzing the energy performance and the potentialities of such envelope components. The work presented in the paper introduces the MFM features and illustrates the results of an experimental campaign performed for the winter (heating) season.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct a systematic literature review of scholarly sources over the last decade, focusing on four related subjects: responsive architecture, kinetic architecture, adaptive architecture and intelligent buildings, identifying and examining interactive and collective behaviors in smart environments, thereby contributing to defining the properties of creative, smart spaces in contemporary digital ecosystem.
Abstract: Since architect Nicholas Negroponte first proposed a vision of responsive architecture smart environments have been widely investigated, especially in the fields of computer science and engineering. Despite growing interest in the topic, a comprehensive review of research about smart environments from the architectural perspective is largely missing. In order to provide a formal understanding of smart environments in architecture, this paper conducts a systematic literature review of scholarly sources over the last decade, focusing on four related subjects: (1) responsive architecture, (2) kinetic architecture, (3) adaptive architecture and (4) intelligent buildings. Through this review, the paper identifies and examines interactive and collective behaviors in smart environments, thereby contributing to defining the properties of creative, smart spaces in the contemporary digital ecosystem. In addition, this research offers a means of systematically characterizing and constructing smart environments as interactive and collective platforms, enabling occupants to sense, experience and understand smart spaces.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a computational optimization method is suggested to improve the energy efficiency in buildings, a method is designed based on the structure of the adaptive façade, which can adjust its visible and thermal transmissivity for actively changing weather conditions.
Abstract: To improve the energy efficiency in buildings, a computational optimization method is suggested in this article. The method is designed based on the structure of the adaptive façade. This type of façade system can adjust its visible and thermal transmissivity for actively changing weather conditions. The main concept of this system is the optimization process. This process integrates the DesignBuilder as the building energy simulation tool with an optimization method, called arithmetical optimization algorithm, through the MLE+ toolkit. It is notable that the proposed approach can be applied to different building types and is also not involved in any specific optimization tool. In this regard, two case studies, a typical single office room, and a medium office building are selected to show the capability of the presented approach to improve the energy effectiveness of the building. Based on the results, the energy consumption is decreased by 15.0%–29.1% for the first case study and 14.3%–22.4% for the second case compared to the static façades. The adaptive façades' potentiality is indicated by the important achievements in this study.
4 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers and that vulnerability does not exclude obligation.
Abstract: There has been a shift from the general presumption that “doctor knows best” to a heightened respect for patient autonomy. Medical ethics remains one-sided, however. It tends (incorrectly) to interpret patient autonomy as mere participation in decisions, rather than a willingness to take the consequences. In this respect, medical ethics remains largely paternalistic, requiring doctors to protect patients from the consequences of their decisions. This is reflected in a one-sided account of duties in medical ethics. Medical ethics may exempt patients from obligations because they are the weaker or more vulnerable party in the doctor-patient relationship. We argue that vulnerability does not exclude obligation. We also look at others ways in which patients’ responsibilities flow from general ethics: for instance, from responsibilities to others and to the self, from duties of citizens, and from the responsibilities of those who solicit advice. Finally, we argue that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers.
17,373 citations
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01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, is recognized.
Abstract: Pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session, In pursuit of the objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, Also recognizing the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as provided for in the Convention, Taking full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with regard to funding and transfer of technology, Recognizing that Parties may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures taken in response to it, Emphasizing the intrinsic relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty, Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change, Taking into account the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities, Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity, Recognizing the importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention, Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the importance for some of the concept of " climate justice " , when taking action to address climate change, Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement, Recognizing …
1,224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a state-of-the-art study through extensive review of the literature, by establishing links between indoor environmental quality and occupant well-being and comfort.
Abstract: Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and its effect on occupant well-being and comfort is an important area of study. This paper presents a state of the art study through extensive review of the literature, by establishing links between IEQs and occupant well-being and comfort. A range of issues such as sick building syndrome, indoor air quality thermal comfort, visual comfort and acoustic comfort are considered in this paper. The complexity of the relationship between occupant comfort and well-being parameters with IEQ are further exacerbated due to relationships that these parameters have with each other as well. Based on the review of literature in these areas it is established that design of buildings needs to consider occupant well-being parameters right at the beginning. Some good practices in all these different areas have also been highlighted and documented in this paper. The knowledge established as part of this paper would be helpful for researchers, designer, engineers and facilities maintenance engineers. This paper will also be of great benefit to researchers who endeavour to undertake research in this area and could act as a good starting point for them.
480 citations
15 May 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the role of simulation in performance-based building modeling and simulation is discussed. But the authors focus mainly on the simulation of building performance in the context of building automation systems.
Abstract: 1 Introduction to Building Performance Simulation Jan Hensen (Eindhoven University of Technology) and Roberto Lamberts (Federal University of Santa Catarina) 2 The role of simulation in performance based building Godfried Augenbroe (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) 3 Weather Data for Building Performance Simulation Dru Crawley (Bentley Systems, Inc., USA) and Chip Barnaby (Wrightsoft, USA) 4 People in building performance simulation Ardeshir Mahdavi (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) 5 Thermal load and energy performance prediction Jeffrey Spitler (Oklahoma State University, USA) 6 Ventilation Performance Prediction Jelena Srebric (Pennsylvania State University, USA) 7 Indoor Thermal Quality Performance Prediction Christoph van Treeck (Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Germany) 8 Room Acoustics Performance Prediction Ardeshir Mahdavi (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) 9 Daylight Performance Predictions Christoph Reinhart (Harvard University, USA) 10 Moisture phenomena in whole building performance prediction Jan Carmeliet (ETH, Zurich, Switzerland) Bert Blocken (Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands), Thijs Defraeye (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium) and Dominique Derome (EMPA, Switzerland) 11 HVAC systems performance prediction Jonathan Wright (Loughborough University, UK) 12 Micro-cogeneration system performance predicition Ian Beausoleil-Morrison (Carleton University, Canada) 13 Building simulation for practical operational optimization David Claridge (Texas A&M University, USA) 14 Building simulation in building automation systems Gregor P Henze (University of Colorado, USA) and Christian Neumann (Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg, Germany) 15 Integrated resource flow modelling of the urban built environment Darren Robinson (EPFL, Switzerland) 16 Building simulation for policy support Dru Crawley (Bentley Systems, Inc., USA) 17 A view on future building system modeling and simulation Michael Wetter (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA)
409 citations
"Development of a self-sufficient dy..." refers background in this paper
...Despite in 2011 it was already assessed the inadequacy of simulation tools to simulate multi domains (Godfried 2011) (Nielsen, Svendsen, and Bjerreg 2011), parametric designs has only recently allowed for the integration of environmental and mechanic domains that are those of adaptive geometrical…...
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TL;DR: A low-complexity state feedback fault-tolerant control scheme guaranteeing prescribed tracking performance is proposed for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions, in spite of actuation faults, component faults, and unknown nonlinearities.
Abstract: A low-complexity state feedback fault-tolerant control scheme guaranteeing prescribed tracking performance is proposed for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions. Contrary to the current state-of-the-art, novel error transformation functions and new update laws related to performance functions are introduced to the control design such that no compensators or approximation structures are needed, in spite of actuation faults, component faults, and unknown nonlinearities. The proposed method is verified via a simulation on an inverted pendulum.
257 citations