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Journal ArticleDOI

Development of a Smart Meter for Power Quality-Based Tariff Implementation in a Smart Grid

27 Sep 2021-Energies (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 14, Iss: 19, pp 6171
TL;DR: A novel, low-cost, efficient, and user-friendly smart PQ meter that implements a novel PQ-based tariff scheme that penalizes consumers violating the PQ limits and provides incentives for a good PQ profile is presented.
Abstract: Regarding the modern power smart grid, distribution consumers and prosumers are highly concerned about power quality (PQ). In fact, they would prefer to pay higher prices for a reliable and good quality power supply. Unfortunately, utility operators still aim for reliability alone, ignoring the quality of supply voltage and current. There are no clear guidelines for monitoring, penalizing, or implementing PQ-based tariff schemes in LV distribution systems. In addition, the implementation of a PQ-based tariff requires a real-time measuring mechanism at the user end, which is very expensive and difficult to understand for a domestic consumer. This paper presents a novel, low-cost, efficient, and user-friendly smart PQ meter to overcome these issues and limitations. It is essentially a PQ analyzer with energy metering functionality, which implements a novel PQ-based tariff scheme that penalizes consumers violating the PQ limits and provides incentives for a good PQ profile. It measures as many as 28 parameters and keeps track of the PQ for both the consumer and the grid in real-time. This paper demonstrates the specifications, design, and testing of the meter and proves the validity of the concept by practical implementation. The meter is practical, feasible, and economical for implementing PQ-based tariff schemes in LV distribution systems or smart grids.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new hardware, software, and data processing infrastructure for open-pit mines to overcome the energy 4.0 transition and digital transformation is presented, adding an artificial intelligence layer to energy use in an experimental open- pit mine and giving insights on energy consumption and electrical grid quality.
Abstract: Digitization in the mining industry and machine learning applications have improved the production by showing insights in different components. Energy consumption is one of the key components to improve the industry’s performance in a smart way that requires a very low investment. This study represents a new hardware, software, and data processing infrastructure for open-pit mines to overcome the energy 4.0 transition and digital transformation. The main goal of this infrastructure is adding an artificial intelligence layer to energy use in an experimental open-pit mine and giving insights on energy consumption and electrical grid quality. The achievement of these goals will ease the decision-making stage for maintenance and energy managers according to ISO 50001 standards. In order to minimize the energy consumption, which impact directly the profit and the efficiency of the industry, a design of a monitoring and peak load forecasting system was proposed and tested on the experimental open-pit mine of Benguerir. The main challenges of the application were the monitoring of typical loads machines per stage, feeding the supervisors by real time energy data on the same process SCADA view, parallel integrating hardware solutions to the same process control system, proposing a fast forest quantile regression algorithm to predict the energy demand response based on the data of different historical scenarios, finding correlations between the KPIs of energy consumption, mine production process and giving global insights on the electrical grid quality.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jun 2022-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review of energy metering system issues about sensors, the choice of their technology and their characterization depending on the application fields, advanced measurement approaches and methodologies, and the setup of energy key performance indicators (KPIs) is presented.
Abstract: Complex energy monitoring and control systems have been widely studied as the related topics include different approaches, advanced sensors, and technologies applied to a strongly varying amount of application fields. This paper is a systematic review of what has been done regarding energy metering system issues about (i) sensors, (ii) the choice of their technology and their characterization depending on the application fields, (iii) advanced measurement approaches and methodologies, and (iv) the setup of energy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The paper provides models about KPI estimation, by highlighting design criteria of complex energy networks. The proposed study is carried out to give useful elements to build models and to simulate in detail energy systems for performance prediction purposes. Some examples of energy complex KPIs based on the integration of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) concept and on basic KPIs or variables are provided in order to define innovative formulation criteria depending on the application field. The proposed examples highlight how modeling a complex KPI as a function of basic variables or KPIs is possible, by means of graph models of architectures.

7 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a study of a residential area is implemented using the LABVIEW simulation software, in which the power of each house with its own appliances is monitored in real time, meaning the whole system is also monitored, including instantaneous and accumulative power, current, power factor, and all elements required for system assessment.
Abstract: Power quality problems exist in every power system; the more advanced the system is, the higher the probability for issues to occur is, and the smart grid is no exception. In this paper, a study of a residential area is implemented using the LABVIEW simulation software, in which the power of each house with its own appliances is monitored in real time, meaning the power of the whole system is also monitored, including instantaneous and accumulative power, current, power factor—all elements required for system assessment. In addition, a billing policy of each individual house to see the total price to be paid for the power supplied is also devised. All these factors contribute to the analysis and overview of the effect of power quality problems on the grid, both electrically and economically. The results of the simulation indicate that the pricing policy proposed is indeed effective for both sides of the grid, the supplier and the consumer.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 May 2023-Energies
TL;DR: In this article , a chirp-Z transform (CZT) algorithm is proposed for the analysis of non-stationary signals in the context of smart grids, which has a spectral resolution independent from the observation window.
Abstract: This paper validates the use of a harmonic analysis algorithm on a microcontroller to perform measurements of non-stationary signals in the context of smart grids. The increasing presence of electronic devices such as inverters of distributed generators (DG), power converters of charging stations for electric vehicles, etc. can drain non-stationary currents during their operation. A classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm may not have sufficient spectral resolution for the evaluation of harmonics and inter-harmonics. Thus, in this paper, the implementation of a chirp-Z transform (CZT) algorithm is suggested, which has a spectral resolution independent from the observation window. The CZT is implemented on a low-cost commercial microcontroller, and the absolute error is evaluated with respect to the same algorithm implemented in the LabVIEW environment. The results of the tests show that the CZT implementation on a low-cost microcontroller allows for accurate measurement results, demonstrating the feasibility of reliable harmonic analysis measurements even in non-stationary conditions on smart grids.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the state of knowledge of the effects of power system harmonics on equipment, including thermal overloading, disruption, and dielectric stressing, and quantitatively describe the effects.
Abstract: The authors summarize the state of knowledge of the effects of power system harmonics on equipment. The general mechanisms presented are thermal overloading, disruption, and dielectric stressing. Quantitative effects are presented or referenced whenever possible. However, many of the effects are can only be qualitatively described. The types of equipment considered are adjustable speed drives, capacitors, circuit breakers, fuses, conductors, electronic equipment, lighting, metering, protective relays, rotating machines, telephones, and transformers. >

441 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2011
TL;DR: A new method to optimize locating and the size of fixed and switching capacitor banks based on bacterial foraging oriented by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm (BF-PSO).
Abstract: This paper presents a new method to optimize locating and the size of fixed and switching capacitor banks based on bacterial foraging (BF) oriented by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm (BF-PSO). The algorithm is proposed for radial and meshed networks in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. The objective function considers the minimization of the total energy loss costs and capacitor installation cost, network total harmonic distortion (THD) index, and the deviation of the voltage fundamental component from the permitted value. Since these parameters do not have similar units and variation ranges, a membership degree is assigned to each parameter by using fuzzy sets. The IEEE 123-Bus distribution network is used to test the proposed method. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm are compared with PSO, BF and genetic algorithms to show the efficiency of this method to reduce the system costs.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an open source, low-cost, precise, and reliable power and electric energy meter is presented that can be easily installed and managed by any inexperienced user at their own home in urban or rural areas.
Abstract: Power quality and energy consumption measurements support providers and energy users with solutions for acquiring and reporting information about the energy supply for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In particular, since the average number of electronic devices in homes increases year by year and their sensitivity is very high, it is not only important to monitor the total energy consumption, but also the quality of the power supplied. However, in practice, end-users do not have information about the energy consumption in real-time nor about the quality of the power they receive, because electric energy meters are too expensive and complex to be handled. In order to overcome these inconveniences, an innovative, open source, low-cost, precise, and reliable power and electric energy meter is presented that can be easily installed and managed by any inexperienced user at their own home in urban or rural areas. The system was validated in a real house over a period of two weeks, showing interesting results and findings which validate our proposal.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a market mechanism for real-time reactive power ancillary service market based on Stackelberg game model is proposed considering voltage-apparent power coupled subsystems.
Abstract: In deregulated power systems, reactive power ancillary service through electricity market is becoming relevant where private generation companies participate in maintaining system wide bus voltage within the permissible limits. Marginal cost price (MCP) based real time reactive power ancillary service market faces several challenges due to the localized nature of reactive power. In this paper, a market mechanism for real time reactive power ancillary service market based on Stackelberg game model is proposed considering voltage-apparent power coupled subsystems. In the proposed Stackelberg game model, Independent System Operator (ISO) is considered as the leader, and GENCOs as followers. In the formulation, each GENCO is associated with a relevance factor in the partitioned subsystem so as to consider the real time voltage support requirement in the system. The market is then formulated as Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints problem (MPEC). Existence of equilibrium, incentive compatibility, and individual rationality of the proposed market mechanism is then analysed in this work. The numerical examples are illustrated in PJM 5-bus system, and tested on IEEE 30- bus system, and Nordic 32 Bus-system. The mechanism induces truth-telling behavior of GENCOs, yields a non-negative profit, and the system wide bus voltage is improved.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparing national policies and programs in Europe and North America and identifying prevailing practices for implementing privacy goals for residential energy customers provides the basis for privacy standards that could apply to advanced-metering customer data across countries, even with rapidly evolving technology.

26 citations