Development of brown patch and Pythium blight in tall fescue as affected by irrigation frequency, clipping removal, and fungicide application
TL;DR: Preventive applications of azox-ystrobin at 35-day intervals or postinfection applications of chlorothalonil reduced brown patch severity, but only the azoxystrobin treatment provided aesthetically acceptable (<10%) levels of brown patch control.
Abstract: Settle, D. M., Fry, J. D., and Tisserat, N. A. 2001. Development of brown patch and Pythium blight in tall fescue as affected by irrigation frequency, clipping removal, and fungicide application. Plant Dis. 85:543-546. We studied the effects of irrigation frequency, clipping removal, and fungicide application on the development of Rhizoctonia brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) and Pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum) in tall fescue. Brown patch severity was not significantly different between plots irrigated daily and those irrigated on alternate days. Similarly, no differences in brown patch were observed in plots where grass clippings were returned to the sward with a mulching mower compared with plots where clippings were removed. Preventive applications of azoxystrobin at 35-day intervals or postinfection applications of chlorothalonil reduced brown patch severity, but only the azoxystrobin treatment provided aesthetically acceptable (<10%) levels of brown patch control. However, azoxystrobin applications also increased Pythium blight compared with untreated or chlorothalonil-treated tall fescue, especially in plots that received daily irrigation.
Citations
More filters
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: It is shown using in vitro and in planta assays that tobacco and sunflower phylloplanins have broad-spectrum antifungal activities against spores and also hyphae for two species of several true fungi.
Abstract: OF DISSERTATION Brian Christopher King The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATIONOF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Brian Christopher King Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. George J. Wagner, Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Brian Christopher King 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATIONOF DISSERTATION T-PHYLLOPLANIN AND CIS-ABIENOL, TWO NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO HAVE BROAD SPECTRUM, ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES Tobacco phylloplanins (T-phylloplanin) are a group of closely-related glycoproteins that are formed and disposed at the interface between the plant aerial surface (the phylloplane) and the atmosphere. They are synthesized in short procumbent trichomes and are secreted to aerial surfaces where they are thought to serve the plant as a first line of defense against fungal pathogens. Here it is shown using in vitro and in planta assays that tobacco and sunflower phylloplanins have broad-spectrum antifungal activities against spores and also hyphae for two species of several true fungi. Field tests show that T-phylloplanin reduces diseases caused by three important fungal pathogens of turf grasses. Tobacco phylloplanins are distinct proteins but they have properties in common with small, membrane-pore-forming, antimicrobial peptides formed by other organisms. To directly determine if T-phylloplanin has pore-forming activity we monitored conductivity change and specific ion leakage from spores and hyphae in suspension. Results indicate that phylloplanin causes fungal membrane disruption that leads to ion depletion and cell death. Having observed broad efficacy of T-phylloplanin against spores and/or hyphae of several true fungi, but no activity towards hyphae of the oomycetes, Pythium and Peronospora parasitica, we tested for possible effects on zoospores of the latter two pathogens. Tphylloplanin was shown to be effective against their zoospores, extending the efficacy of Tphylloplanin to include water molds. In the course of these experiments we also tested the effects of the diterpene cis-abienol that is secreted from tall trichomes of tobaccos and found this compound impacted zoospores and could prevent black shank disease caused by P. parasitica when applied to soil-grown tobaccos as a root drench. Thus, results of these studies with phylloplanins and cis-abienol, two different tobacco surface accumulated compounds are consistent with their serving the plant as first line of defense systems against a wide array of invading fungal pathogens. Phylloplanins and cis-abienol may be useful for controlling fungal diseases in tobacco float beds. The efficacy shown here for Tphylloplanin control of fungal pathogens of turf grasses in the field suggests that this natural product may find use in IPM of turf and other crops.
5 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: A datasheet on Pythium aphanidermatum covers identity, overview, distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: This datasheet on Pythium aphanidermatum covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
References
More filters
Book•
16 Jan 1990
TL;DR: This paper presents the results of a two-year study into the design and modelling of Spatial Pattern Simulation Models of Plant Disease Designing Experiments and Sampling Crop Loss Assessment and Modelling Forecasting Plant Diseases.
Abstract: Epidemics and Plant Disease Epidemiology Monitoring Epidemics: Host Monitoring Epidemics: Environment Monitoring Epidemics: Pathogen Monitoring Epidemics: Disease Modeling and Data Analysis Temporal Analysis of Epidemics I Temporal Analysis of Epidemics Spatial Aspects of Plant Disease Epidemics I: Dispersal Gradients of Long Range Transport Spatial Aspects of Plant Disease Epidemics II: Analysis of Spatial Pattern Simulation Models of Plant Disease Designing Experiments and Sampling Crop Loss Assessment and Modelling Forecasting Plant Diseases.
2,519 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: This chapter discusses cultural Aspects of Turfgrass Disease Management, as well as disease management strategies for Golf Courses and Disease Management Strategies for Home-Lawn Grasses.
Abstract: Introduction to Turfgrass Diseases. Fungus Diseases of Turfgrass, I: Diseases Primarily Occurring on Golf Course Turfs. Fungus Diseases of Turfgrass, II: Diseases Primarily of Home Lawn and General Turfs. Fungus Diseases of Turfgrass, III: Disease Complexes. Bacterial, Mycoplasmal, Nematode Diseases of Turfgrasses, and the Black Layer. Fungicides. Cultural Aspects of Turfgrass Disease Management. Using Disease Resistance in Turfgrass Management. The Cool-Season Grasses: A Plant Pathologist's Point of View. The Warm-Season Grasses: A Plant Pathologist's Point of View. Disease Management Strategies for Golf Courses. Disease Management Strategies for Home-Lawn Grasses. Appendix: Guide for the Control of Turfgrass Diseases. References. Index. 2-LEVEL
159 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The Turfgrass Industry: The Turf Grass Industry: Turf grass is a type of grass that grows in the soil as mentioned in this paper and is used in many agricultural applications such as gardening, irrigation, and golf course management.
Abstract: The Turfgrass Industry. Introduction to Turfgrass. Warm Season Grasses-Cool Season Grasses. Introduction to Soils. Soils Modification. Soil Chemistry. Soil Testing. Establishment. Fertilization-Mowing. Water and Irrigation. Pesticides. Weeds. Insects. Turfgrass Diseases. Integrated Pest Management. Other Turfgrass Problems. Improving Unsatisfactory Turf. Golf Course Management. Lawns & Other Turf Areas. Business Management Practices Turfgrass Calculation.
117 citations