Development of counter current salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction for isolation and preconcentration of some pesticides from aqueous samples.
TL;DR: A new version of salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction based on counter current mode combined with dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of some pesticides from aqueous samples and their determination by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
About: This article is published in Analytica Chimica Acta.The article was published on 2015-07-23. It has received 43 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Solid phase extraction & Aqueous two-phase system.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized and explained the available analytical and advanced methods for determination of pesticides compound in environment and foodstuffs, also, pesticides classification and its toxicity, and available extraction methods are briefly discussed.
Abstract: Pesticides are widely applied to prevent unwanted pests from attacking crops and livestock which led to their access into the environment. Overuses of pesticides in environment are presence of pesticide residues and their metabolites that are causing serious detrimental effects on human health and all other living organisms. Several severe diseases (Cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, birth defects, infertility) and more damages of human health are associated with the exposure of pesticides. The maximum residue limits for pesticides have been regulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Union to protect human health. Thus, monitoring these compounds is extremely important to ensure that only permitted levels of pesticide are consumed. To date, several techniques have been developed for pesticide detection, from conventional analytical to advanced detection techniques. The conventional analytical methods are gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors involved a sample preparation step prior to further analysis. Advanced detection methods refer to the sensors development such as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric and molecular imprinted polymer. In this review, we summarized and explained the available analytical and advanced methods for determination of pesticides compound in environment and foodstuffs. Also, pesticides classification and its toxicity, and available extraction methods are briefly discussed.
260 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an analysis of pesticides' definition, classifications, toxicity, factors affecting toxicity, pesticides in water resources, their environmental fate, impacts on human health and their methods of detection, disposal and treatment.
196 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the new sample preparation and extraction methods for the analysis of pesticides in various water samples, in order to obtain a reliable signal from the complex matrix.
Abstract: Pesticides are the most hazardous environmental pollutants due to their stability, mobility and long-term effects on living organisms. Their existence in sources of drinking water, essential to life, is a specific danger to living organisms. In water, these compounds may metamorphose to produce substances with even greater toxicity. Pesticide levels in diverse environments are generally below the limits of detection for many analytical instruments, so it is essential to isolate and then enrich pesticides from the complex matrix to decrease the interference effects in order to obtain a reliable signal. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the new sample preparation and extraction methods for the analysis of pesticides in various water samples.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and their modalities as well as their applications, up to April 30, 2016.
Abstract: Novel solvent microextraction techniques are presently receiving a great deal of interest from analytical chemists, as confirmed by the constantly increasing number of published papers on the topic. The present overview offers a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and dispersive liquid-phase microextraction as well as their modalities. We cover the articles that were available online up to April 30, 2016. The applications of these techniques are summarized in the tables.
89 citations
TL;DR: A review of the progress in this area can be found in this paper, where the objectives and merits of each combination are critically appraised and a brief description is provided on accomplishments, limitations, and future directions.
Abstract: The recent developments in the analytical sample preparation signpost a trend of combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with other extraction techniques. The objectives of these binary techniques are inclined toward achieving an improvement in separation, cleanup, detection limits, enrichment factors, and coping with complex matrices. DLLME has been combined with both conventional and micro- or miniaturized extraction techniques. It has been either followed by or following another extraction in the combination. This review aims to highlight and share the progress in this area with the analytical community. The objectives and merits of each combination are critically appraised. In the end, a brief description is provided on accomplishments, limitations, and future directions.
73 citations
References
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TL;DR: The ability of DLLME technique in the extraction of other organic compounds such as organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides and substituted benzene compounds were studied.
2,959 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrated that the developed MA-HS-GNS-SPME method was a simple, rapid, efficient pretreatment and environmentally friendly procedure for the analysis of OCPs in aqueous samples.
117 citations
TL;DR: Organochlorine, organophosphate pesticides and fungicides in fruits and vegetables were analyzed using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selective ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM), and the intrinsic rapid mixing capabilities of DPX result in fast and efficient extractions.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and practical method for identification and quantification of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in honey samples was proposed.
101 citations
TL;DR: A developed technique was reported for extraction and pre-concentration of methamphetamine (MAMP) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) from urine samples using molecularly imprinted-solid phase extraction (MISPE) along with simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME).
101 citations