Development of electroless Ni–Zn–P/nano-TiO2 composite coatings and their properties
TL;DR: In this paper, the hardness and microstructure of as plated and heat treated Ni−Zn−P and Ni-Zn-P−TiO 2 composite coatings were analyzed.
About: This article is published in Applied Surface Science.The article was published on 2010-10-01. It has received 138 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Microstructure & Composite number.
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TL;DR: The development of metal deposition processes based on electroless nickel, alloy and composite coatings on various surfaces has witnessed a surge in interest among researchers, with many recent applications made possible from many excellent properties as mentioned in this paper.
680 citations
Cites background from "Development of electroless Ni–Zn–P/..."
...The Ni-Zn-P-TiO2 composite coatings exhibited higher microhardness than pure Ni-Zn-P alloy ([133])....
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TL;DR: A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro‐/nano‐electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted.
Abstract: There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear-resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear by ≈40% over the next 10-15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on designs, properties, and applications of wear-resistant materials, starting with an introduction of various advanced technologies for the fabrication of wear-resistant materials and anti-wear structures with their wear mechanisms. Typical strategies of surface engineering and matrix strengthening for the development of wear-resistant materials are then analyzed, focusing on the development of coatings, surface texturing, surface hardening, architecture, and the exploration of matrix compositions, microstructures, and reinforcements. Afterward, the relationship between the wear resistance of a material and its intrinsic properties including hardness, stiffness, strength, and cyclic plasticity is discussed with underlying mechanisms, such as the lattice distortion effect, bonding strength effect, grain size effect, precipitation effect, grain boundary effect, dislocation or twinning effect. A wide range of fundamental applications, specifically in aerospace components, automobile parts, wind turbines, micro-/nano-electromechanical systems, atomic force microscopes, and biomedical devices are highlighted. This review is concluded with prospects on challenges and future directions in this critical field.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Ni-P-CNT composite coating was successfully deposited on the surface of copper by electroless plating and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the coatings.
137 citations
TL;DR: The corrosion behaviour of metallic, ceramic, and nanocomposite coatings on the surface of metallic substrates is reviewed to summarise the factors affecting the corrosion of these substrates, as well as the conditions where such coatings provided required protection.
Abstract: Growth in nanocoatings technology is moving towards implementing nanocoatings in many sectors of the industry due to their excellent abilities. Nanocoatings offer numerous advantages, including surface hardness, adhesive strength, long-term and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance, the enhancement of tribological properties, etc. In addition, nanocoatings can be applied in thinner and smoother thickness, which allows flexibility in equipment design, improved efficiency, lower fuel economy, lower carbon footprints, and lower maintenance and operating costs. Nanocoatings are utilised efficiently to reduce the effect of a corrosive environment. A nanocoating is a coating that either has constituents in the nanoscale, or is composed of layers that are less than 100 nm. The fine sizes of nanomaterials and the high density of their ground boundaries enable good adhesion and an excellent physical coverage of the coated surface. Yet, such fine properties might form active sites for corrosion attack. This paper reviews the corrosion behaviour of metallic, ceramic, and nanocomposite coatings on the surface of metallic substrates. It summarises the factors affecting the corrosion of these substrates, as well as the conditions where such coatings provided required protection.
93 citations
Cites background from "Development of electroless Ni–Zn–P/..."
...It was reported that the nanocomposite coating of the Ni–P alloy with Al2O3 nanoparticles had an adverse effect on its corrosion resistance when heat-treated [169], while for the nanocomposite coatings of Ni–P–Zn with TiO2 nanoparticles and Ni–P with SiC nanoparticles, it was found to enhance corrosion resistance [172,175]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a Ni-P-WC nanocomposite coating was prepared by electroless deposition methods, modifying the typical Ni−P coating through the addition of WC nano-particles.
Abstract: In this study, a Ni–P–WC nanocomposite coating was prepared by electroless deposition methods, modifying the typical Ni–P coating through the addition of WC nano-particles. The morphology, structure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the Ni–P–WC coating and conventional Ni–P coating were analyzed by using the optical stereoscopic microscopy (OSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), anodic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was observed that WC nano-particles and Ni–P deposited homogeneously on the Ni–P matrix, electroless deposited composite coatings exhibit an amorphous structure of the nickel matrix in which crystalline tungsten carbide is incorporated. The microhardness of the coating increased due to the existence of the nano-particles, and it will be improved after heat treatment. According to the results of corrosion testing in the 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution, the electroless Ni–P–WC coatings showed significantly improved corrosion resistance due to its special structure, compared to a conventional Ni–P electroless coating, even after 40 days immersion, it also exhibited good corrosion resistance ability.
91 citations
References
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TL;DR: Increasing research efforts are carried out to design and develop more efficient anode electrocatalysts for DAFCs, which are attracting increasing interest as power sources for portable applications.
Abstract: Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are attracting increasing interest as power sources for portable applications due to some unquestionable advantages over analogous devices fed with hydrogen.1 Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, exhibit high volumetric energy density, and their storage and transport are much easier as compared to hydrogen. On the other hand, the oxidation kinetics of any alcohol are much slower and still H2-fueled polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) exhibit superior electrical performance as compared to DAFCs with comparable electroactive surface areas.2,3 Increasing research efforts are therefore being carried out to design and develop more efficient anode electrocatalysts for DAFCs.
1,427 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications, with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
Abstract: Since the inception of electroless coating by Brenner & Riddell in 1946, it has been the subject of research interest and, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the studies of its properties and applications. The co-deposition of paniculate matter or substance within the growing film has led to a new generation of electroless composite coatings, many of which possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance. This valuable process can coat not only electrically conductive materials including graphite but also fabrics, insulators like plastics, rubber etc. The low coating rates with these can provide better reflectivity of plated surfaces and many more applications. Coatings can be tailored for desired properties by selecting the composition of the coating alloy/composite/metallic to suit specific requirements. The market for these coatings is expanding fast as the potential applications are on the rise. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications. Different characterisation studies have been conducted on various electroless nickel-based coatings with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the development of electroless Ni-P bath, advantages and mechanisms of deposition, and applications of the NiP deposits are discussed, and a comparison of the properties of NiP and Ni-B as well as the recent developments in Ni-phosphorous research are presented.
Abstract: Literature on electroless Ni-P deposition, in recent decades, has dwelled primarily on surface engineering and corrosion-resistant applications. By contrast, we have many research articles devoted to the engineering aspects of the electroless Ni-P depositions and their technology. The present article deals with the development of electroless Ni-P bath, advantages and mechanisms of deposition, and applications of the Ni-P deposits. We also present a comparison of the properties of electroless Ni-P and Ni-B as well as the recent developments in nickel-phosphorous research. We attempt to review these in a detailed manner. We also briefly discuss the future developments of electroless Ni-P.
307 citations
TL;DR: In this article, ternary Ni-W-P alloy films were prepared using alkaline citrate-based bath and evaluated in 3.5% sodium chloride solution in non-deaerated and deaerated conditions by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance (EIS).
131 citations
15 Feb 2008-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the microhardness and erosive wear measurements for pure Ni and Ni-TiO 2 composite coatings were evaluated by anodic polarization curves in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature.
Abstract: Ni–TiO 2 nanocomposite coatings were prepared by codeposition of Ni and nanoparticles of TiO 2 powder onto surface of Al alloy. The influences of the TiO 2 nano-particulates concentration and current density on the composition of nanocomposite coatings were investigated. The chemical composition and phase structure of coatings were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX). The microhardness and erosive wear measurements (in 40 wt.% sand slurry) for pure Ni and Ni–TiO 2 composite coatings were evaluated. The corrosion behavior of Ni and Ni–TiO 2 nanocomposite coatings was studied by the anodic polarization curves in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. Ni–TiO 2 composite coatings exhibited higher corrosion resistances in comparison with pure Ni coating. The morphologies of the coated, eroded and corroded surfaces of pure Ni and Ni–TiO 2 composite coatings were observed using SEM. The results reveal TiO 2 nanparticles were uniformly distributed into Ni matrix and significantly improve the microhardness and erosion wear properties of the Ni coating.
115 citations