Journal ArticleDOI
Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis
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TLDR
It is reported here that the eggs which receive a male pronucleus develop to term but those with two female pronuclei develop only poorly after implantation, suggesting that the cytoplasm of activated eggs is fully competent to support development toterm but not if the genome is entirely of maternal origin.Abstract:
It has been suggested that the failure of parthenogenetic mouse embryos to develop to term is primarily due to their aberrant cytoplasm and homozygosity leading to the expression of recessive lethal genes. The reported birth of homozygous gynogenetic (male pronucleus removed from egg after fertilization) mice and of animals following transplantation of nuclei from parthenogenetic embryos to enucleated fertilized eggs, is indicative of abnormal cytoplasm and not an abnormal genotype of the activated eggs. However, we and others have been unable to obtain such homozygous mice. We investigated this problem further by using reconstituted heterozygous eggs, with haploid parthenogenetic eggs as recipients for a male or female pronucleus. We report here that the eggs which receive a male pronucleus develop to term but those with two female pronuclei develop only poorly after implantation. Therefore, the cytoplasm of activated eggs is fully competent to support development to term but not if the genome is entirely of maternal origin. We propose that specific imprinting of the genome occurs during gametogenesis so that the presence of both a male and a female pronucleus is essential in an egg for full-term development. The paternal imprinting of the genome appears necessary for the normal development of the extraembryonic membranes and the trophoblast.read more
Citations
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Role for DNA methylation in genomic imprinting
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The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo by microsurgery and cell fusion.
James McGrath,Davor Solter +1 more
TL;DR: Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo was achieved by using a method that combines microsurgical removal of the zygote pronuclei with the introduction of a donor nucleus by a virus-mediated cell fusion technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential expression of the maternally derived X chromosome in the mouse yolk sac.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the parental origin of X m and X p marks them as different from one another, and possible causes for the failure of the expression of X p in the yolk sac endoderm and the tissue specificity of the effect are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of Gynogenetic Eggs in the Mouse: Implications for Parthenogenetic Embryos
M. A. H. Surani,S. C. Barton +1 more
TL;DR: Mouse eggs with different genetic constitutions prepared by micromanipulation of fertilized diploids and triploids developed at best to about the 25-somite stage as did the genetically similar diploid parthenogenones stimulated to develop in the complete absence of the male gamete.
Journal ArticleDOI
Storage of two-cell mouse embryos in vitro.
D.G. Whittingham,RG Wales +1 more
TL;DR: The viability of mouse embryos after various periods at low temperature was investigated and it was found that storage of two-cell embryos at this temperature may be successful.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes in vitro with ethanol and benzyl alcohol.
TL;DR: Treatment in vitro of ovulated mouse oocytes for 5–10 min with 4.5–8.6% ethanol or 0.24–0.4% benzyl alcohol was found to induce parthenogenetic activation and suppression of the second polar body with cytochalasin D gave a high yield of parthenogenic morulae and blastocysts.
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