Journal ArticleDOI
Developments in ghrelin biology and potential clinical relevance
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TLDR
Targeted disruption of the Ghsr gene demonstrated unambiguously that the GH-releasing and orexigenic properties of ghrelin are dependent on Ghsr expression and that the orexigeic signal is mediated through neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide neurons.Abstract:
The spiropiperidine, MK0677, has been exploited to characterize and expression clone the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Cloning of this receptor led to identification of its natural ligands, ghrelin and adenosine. Targeted disruption of the Ghsr gene demonstrated unambiguously that the GH-releasing and orexigenic properties of ghrelin are dependent on Ghsr expression and that the orexigenic signal is mediated through neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide neurons. This review summarizes new developments in our understanding of the physiological roles of ghrelin and its receptor (GHS-R). Recent discoveries of the effects of ghrelin on the thymus and proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokine pathways stimulate renewed interest in potential clinical applications, which include age-associated disorders, such as metabolic disease, sarcopenia, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis and anorexia.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aging and Immune Function: Molecular Mechanisms to Interventions
TL;DR: It is believed that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune senescence will lead to an effective interventional strategy aimed at improving the health span of individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system.
TL;DR: The literature supporting a role for ghrelin as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunoregulatory hormone/cytokine and its potential use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and injury is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin: a hormone regulating food intake and energy homeostasis.
TL;DR: The effects of ghrelin on the control of energy homeostasis is updated and the molecular mechanisms of gh Relin synthesis, as well as interaction with GHS receptors and signalling are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The truncated ghrelin receptor polypeptide (GHS-R1b) acts as a dominant-negative mutant of the ghrelin receptor.
Po Ki Leung,Kevin B.S. Chow,Pui Ngan Lau,Kit Man Chu,Chi Bun Chan,Christopher H.K. Cheng,Helen Wise +6 more
TL;DR: GHS-R1b appears to act as a dominant-negative mutant of the full-length ghrelin receptor, and it is proposed that the decrease in GRLN-R constitutive signalling was due to translocation of GRLn-R to the nucleus due to the formation of GRS-R/G HS-R 1b heterodimers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of an Oral Growth Hormone Secretagogue in Older Adults
Heidi K. White,Charles D. Petrie,William H. Landschulz,David B. MacLean,Ann Taylor,Kenneth W. Lyles,Jeanne Y. Wei,Andrew R. Hoffman,Roberto Salvatori,Mark P. Ettinger,Miriam C. Morey,Marc R. Blackman,George R. Merriam +12 more
TL;DR: In healthy older adults at risk for functional decline, administration of the oral GHS capromorelin may improve body composition and physical function.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
TL;DR: The occurrence of ghrelin in both rat and human indicates that GH release from the pituitary may be regulated not only by hypothalamic GHRH, but also by ghrelIn, a peptide specifically releases GH both in vivo and in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding.
Masamitsu Nakazato,Noboru Murakami,Yukari Date,Masayasu Kojima,Hisayuki Matsuo,Kenji Kangawa,Shigeru Matsukura +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that ghrelin is involved in the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis and probably has a function in growth regulation by stimulating feeding and release of growth hormone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.
Alison M. Wren,L. J. Seal,Mark Cohen,Audrey E. Brynes,Gary Frost,Kevin Murphy,Waljit S. Dhillo,M. A. Ghatei,S.R. Bloom +8 more
TL;DR: Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man and is a potentially important new regulator of the complex systems controlling food intake and body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Gastric Bypass Surgery
David E. Cummings,David S. Weigle,R. Scott Frayo,Patricia A. Breen,Marina K. Ma,E. Patchen Dellinger,Jonathan Q. Purnell +6 more
TL;DR: The increase in the plasma ghrelin level with diet-induced weight loss is consistent with the hypothesis that gh Relin has a role in the long-term regulation of body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release
Andrew D. Howard,Scott D. Feighner,Doris F. Cully,Joseph P. Arena,Paul A. Liberator,Charles Rosenblum,Michel J. Hamelin,Donna L. Hreniuk,Oksana C. Palyha,Jennifer W. Anderson,Philip S. Paress,Carmen Diaz,Michael Chou,Ken K. Liu,Karen K. McKee,Sheng-Shung Pong,Lee-Yuh Chaung,Alex Elbrecht,Mike Dashkevicz,Robert P. Heavens,Michael Rigby,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Dennis C. Dean,David G. Melillo,Arthur A. Patchett,Ravi P. Nargund,Patrick R. Griffin,Julie A. DeMartino,Sunil Gupta,James M. Schaeffer,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg +31 more
TL;DR: A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPC-R) of the pituitary and arcuate ventro-medial and infundibular hypothalamus of swine and humans was cloned and was shown to be the target of the GHSs.
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A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release
Andrew D. Howard,Scott D. Feighner,Doris F. Cully,Joseph P. Arena,Paul A. Liberator,Charles Rosenblum,Michel J. Hamelin,Donna L. Hreniuk,Oksana C. Palyha,Jennifer W. Anderson,Philip S. Paress,Carmen Diaz,Michael Chou,Ken K. Liu,Karen K. McKee,Sheng-Shung Pong,Lee-Yuh Chaung,Alex Elbrecht,Mike Dashkevicz,Robert P. Heavens,Michael Rigby,Dalip J. S. Sirinathsinghji,Dennis C. Dean,David G. Melillo,Arthur A. Patchett,Ravi P. Nargund,Patrick R. Griffin,Julie A. DeMartino,Sunil Gupta,James M. Schaeffer,Roy G. Smith,Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg +31 more