Die Culiciden Deutschlands
01 Aug 1970-Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde-journal of Pest Science (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 42, Iss: 8, pp 126-127
About: This article is published in Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde-journal of Pest Science.The article was published on 1970-08-01. It has received 84 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ecology (disciplines).
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The key to Female Mosquitoes, key to Male Mosquito Fourth Instar Larvae, and Identification Keys, Morphology, Ecology and Distribution of Important Vector and Nuisance Species are revealed.
Abstract: General Aspects.- Systematics.- Biology of Mosquitoes.- Medical Importance of Mosquitoes.- Mosquito Research Techniques.- Morphology of Mosquitoes.- Identification Keys Morphology Ecology and Distribution of European Species.- Key to Female Mosquitoes.- Key to Male Mosquitoes.- Key to Mosquito Fourth Instar Larvae.- Subfamily Anophelinae.- Subfamily Culicinae.- Identification Keys, Morphology, Ecology and Distribution of Important Vector and Nuisance Species - Worldwide.- Africa.- Asia.- Australia.- Central and South America.- North America.- Control of Mosquitoes.- Biological Control.- Environmental Management of Mosquitoes.- Chemical Control.- Physical Control.- Genetic Control of Mosquitoes.- Personal Protection.- Implementation and Integration of Mosquito Control Measures.
1,250 citations
Cites background from "Die Culiciden Deutschlands"
...The breeding water is usually dark brown due to the dissolved tannins and pigments derived from the wood and has a high concentration of salts in combination with a deficiency of oxygen (Mohrig, 1969)....
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...The larvae usually hatch at a temperature of 12-13°C and the development starts at 14-l5°C; the optimum temperature being 24-25°C (Mohrig, 1969)....
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...sticticus develop in large numbers, becoming a tremendous nuisance, even in places located far away from their breeding sites (Mohrig, 1969; Becker and Ludwig, 1981; Schafer et al., 1997)....
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...Therefore, the tips of the pupal trumpets break to release the pupa from the plant before emergence (Mohrig, 1969)....
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...They spend most of the time at the bottom of the hole and can survive long periods when the water surface is frozen, but high mortality can be observed when the breeding water and the mud at the bottom are entirely frozen during a long period (Mohrig, 1969)....
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TL;DR: This report of a potentially important bridge vector for West Nile virus might have major impact in the risk projections forWest Nile virus in Germany.
Abstract: Mosquitoes and other arthropods may transmit medically important pathogens, in particular viruses such as West Nile virus. The presence of suitable hosts and competent vectors for those zoonotic viruses is essential for an enzootic transmission, which is a prerequisite for epidemics. To establish reliable risk projections, it is an urgent need for an exact identification of mosquito species, which is especially challenging in the case of sibling species, such as Culex. pipiens pipiens biotypes pipiens and molestus. To facilitate detection of different Culex pipiens forms and their hybrids we established a multiplex real-time PCR. Culex pipiens samples were obtained by egg raft collection and rearing until imago stage or adult sampling using CO2 baited traps and gravid traps. In total, we tested more than 16,500 samples collected all over Germany in the years 2011 and 2012. The predominant species in Germany are Culex pipiens pipiens biotype pipiens and Culex. torrentium, but we also detected Culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus and hybrids of the two pipiens biotypes at sites where both species occur sympatrically. This report of a potentially important bridge vector for West Nile virus might have major impact in the risk projections for West Nile virus in Germany.
100 citations
Cites background or methods from "Die Culiciden Deutschlands"
...torrentium was reported only at four localities in central and southern Germany [13]....
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...DNA extraction and multiplex real-time PCR assay Mosquitoes collected at the various study sites were frozen at 270uC and transported to the laboratory where they were first identified morphologically at the genus level [13]....
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TL;DR: The BG trap showed a significantly better or similar performance compared to the CDC, EVS or MM trap with regard to trapping efficacy for most common mosquito species in Germany, including diversity of mosquito species and number of mosquitoes per trapping period.
Abstract: To monitor adult mosquitoes several trapping devices are available. These are differently constructed and use various mechanisms for mosquito attraction, thus resulting in different trapping sensitivities and efficacies for the various species. Mosquito monitoring and surveillance programs in Europe use various types of mosquito traps, but only a few comparisons have been conducted so far. This study compared the performance of four commercial trapping devices, which are commonly used in Europe. Four different traps, Biogents Sentinel trap (BG trap), Heavy Duty Encephalitis Vector Survey trap (EVS trap), Centres for Disease Control miniature light trap (CDC trap) and Mosquito Magnet Patriot Mosquito trap (MM trap) were compared in a 4 × 4 latin square study. In the years 2012 and 2013, more than seventy 24-hour trap comparisons were conducted at ten different locations in northern and southern Germany, representing urban, forest and floodplain biotopes. Per 24-hour trapping period, the BG trap caught the widest range of mosquito species, the highest number of individuals of the genus Culex as well as the highest number of individuals of the species Ochlerotatus cantans, Aedes cinereus/geminus, Oc. communis and Culex pipiens/torrentium. The CDC trap revealed best performance for Aedes vexans, whereas the MM trap was most efficient for mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles and the species Oc. geniculatus. The EVS trap did not catch more individuals of any genus or species compared to the other three trapping devices. The BG trap caught the highest number of individuals per trapping period in urban environments as well as in wet forest, while the CDC trap caught the highest number of individuals in the floodplain biotopes. Additionally, the BG trap was most efficient for the number of mosquito species in urban locations. The BG trap showed a significantly better or similar performance compared to the CDC, EVS or MM trap with regard to trapping efficacy for most common mosquito species in Germany, including diversity of mosquito species and number of mosquitoes per trapping period. Thus, the BG trap is probably the best solution for general monitoring or surveillance programs of adult mosquitoes in Central Europe.
93 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Maps an~ distribution data are presented for the eighteen species of Anopheles currently recognised in Europe.
Abstract: Maps an~ distribution data are presented for the eighteen species ofAnopheles currently recognised in Europe.
75 citations
TL;DR: There is currently no evidence for a WNV circulation in Germany, according to the absence of WNV-reactive antibodies in resident birds and the presence of W NV-specific RNA in all investigated bird samples.
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus naturally circulating in wild bird populations The virus is also capable to infect a broad range of vertebrate species Humans and equines are highly susceptible and can develop mild flu-like illnesses as well as severe encephalitis leading to fatalities Most recently, WNV was found to circulate in countries close to Germany, such as France, Czech Republic, Italy, Austria, and Hungary Given this epidemiological situation its spread to Germany cannot be ruled out As no data on the WNV situation were available for Germany for the most recent past, we have conducted a serological survey to reveal WNV antibodies in wild birds More than 2700 blood samples from migratory and resident birds representing 72 species that were collected during 2005-2009 were tested using an immunofluorescence assay and partly by micro-virus neutralization test By immunofluorescence assay WNV-reactive antibodies could be demonstrated in 11 wild bird species Similarly, WNV-neutralizing antibodies were revealed in migratory birds belonging to 10 species, but not in resident birds According to the absence of WNV-reactive antibodies in resident birds and the absence of WNV-specific RNA in all investigated bird samples, there is currently no evidence for a WNV circulation in Germany
61 citations
Cites background from "Die Culiciden Deutschlands"
...Therefore, there was no evidence in the past indicating the presence of indigenous WNV infections, even though potential vector mosquitoes are present in Germany (Mohrig 1969, Weitzel et al. 2006)....
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