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Journal ArticleDOI

Die Konstitution der Mischkristalle und die Raumfüllung der Atome

01 Jan 1921-European Physical Journal (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 5, Iss: 1, pp 17-26
About: This article is published in European Physical Journal.The article was published on 1921-01-01. It has received 3121 citations till now.
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TL;DR: This paper demonstrates highly efficient solar cells exhibiting 12.3% in a power conversion efficiency of under standard AM 1.5, for the most efficient device, as a result of tunable composition for the light harvester in conjunction with a mesoporous TiO2 film and a hole conducting polymer.
Abstract: Chemically tuned inorganic–organic hybrid materials, based on CH3NH3(═MA)Pb(I1–xBrx)3 perovskites, have been studied using UV–vis absorption and X-ray diffraction patterns and applied to nanostructured solar cells. The band gap engineering brought about by the chemical management of MAPb(I1–xBrx)3 perovskites can be controllably tuned to cover almost the entire visible spectrum, enabling the realization of colorful solar cells. We demonstrate highly efficient solar cells exhibiting 12.3% in a power conversion efficiency of under standard AM 1.5, for the most efficient device, as a result of tunable composition for the light harvester in conjunction with a mesoporous TiO2 film and a hole conducting polymer. We believe that the works highlighted in this paper represent one step toward the realization of low-cost, high-efficiency, and long-term stability with colorful solar cells.

4,065 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a refractory alloy, Ta20Nb20Hf20Zr20Ti20, was produced by vacuum arc-melting and the as-solidified alloy had a dendritic structure, which was not affected by hot isostatic pressing.

1,083 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the early stages of epitaxial growth and showed how the growth kinetics can be employed to create well-defined island morphologies and island arrays in a self-organization process.

851 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the volume size factor, its linear derivative and a parameter expressing the deviation from Vegard's law were calculated for 469 substitutional solid solutions using precision lattice parameter data available in the literature.
Abstract: Quantitative size-factors, defined in terms of the effective atomic volume of the solute, have been calculated for 469 substitutional solid solutions using precision lattice parameter data available in the literature. Values of the volume size-factor, its linear derivative and a parameter expressing the deviation from Vegard's law, are tabulated in alphabetical order of the solvents. The application of these size-factors is discussed in relation to a number of physical, chemical and mechanical properties of solid solution alloys.

684 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of entropic stabilisation of solid solutions, the severe distortion of their lattices, the sluggish diffusion kinetics and the properties derived from a cocktail effect of high-entropy alloys are investigated.
Abstract: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a relatively new class of materials that have gained considerable attention from the metallurgical research community over recent years They are characterised by their unconventional compositions, in that they are not based around a single major component, but rather comprise multiple principal alloying elements Four core effects have been proposed in HEAs: (1) the entropic stabilisation of solid solutions, (2) the severe distortion of their lattices, (3) sluggish diffusion kinetics and (4) that properties are derived from a cocktail effect By assessing these claims on the basis of existing experimental evidence in the literature, as well as classical metallurgical understanding, it is concluded that the significance of these effects may not be as great as initially believed The effect of entropic stabilisation does not appear to be overarching, insufficient evidence exists to establish the strain in the lattices of HEAs, and rapid precipitation observed in some HEAs sug

604 citations