Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
Lawrence A. David,Corinne F. Maurice,Rachel N. Carmody,David B. Gootenberg,Julie E. Button,Benjamin E. Wolfe,Alisha V. Ling,A. Sloan Devlin,Yug Varma,Michael A. Fischbach,Sudha B. Biddinger,Rachel J. Dutton,Peter J. Turnbaugh +12 more
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TLDR
Increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease.Abstract:
Long-term dietary intake influences the structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut, but it remains unclear how rapidly and reproducibly the human gut microbiome responds to short-term macronutrient change. Here we show that the short-term consumption of diets composed entirely of animal or plant products alters microbial community structure and overwhelms inter-individual differences in microbial gene expression. The animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale and Ruminococcus bromii). Microbial activity mirrored differences between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals, reflecting trade-offs between carbohydrate and protein fermentation. Foodborne microbes from both diets transiently colonized the gut, including bacteria, fungi and even viruses. Finally, increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease. In concert, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to altered diet, potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyles.read more
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Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics
Glenn R. Gibson,Robert W. Hutkins,Mary Ellen Sanders,Susan L. Prescott,Raylene A. Reimer,Seppo Salminen,Karen P. Scott,Catherine Stanton,Kelly S. Swanson,Patrice D. Cani,Kristin Verbeke,Gregor Reid +11 more
TL;DR: The goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Genetics Shape the Gut Microbiome
Julia K. Goodrich,Jillian L. Waters,Angela C. Poole,Jessica L. Sutter,Omry Koren,Ran Blekhman,Michelle Beaumont,Will Van Treuren,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Jordana T. Bell,Tim D. Spector,Andrew G. Clark,Ruth E. Ley +13 more
TL;DR: Compared microbiotas across >1,000 fecal samples obtained from the TwinsUK population, many microbial taxa whose abundances were influenced by host genetics were identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease
Susan V. Lynch,Oluf Pedersen +1 more
TL;DR: The large majority of studies on the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of disease are correlative and preclinical; several have influenced clinical practice.
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The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer
TL;DR: The relationship between diet, microbial metabolism and CRC is discussed and it is argued that the cumulative effects of microbial metabolites should be considered in order to better predict and prevent cancer progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture
Adela Hruby,Frank B. Hu +1 more
TL;DR: The extent of the obesity epidemic, its risk factors—known and novel—, sequelae, and economic impact across the globe are discussed.
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