Different Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Asymptomatic, Mild, and Severe Cases.
Rita Carsetti,Salvatore Zaffina,Eva Piano Mortari,Sara Terreri,Francesco Corrente,Claudia Capponi,Patrizia Palomba,Mattia Mirabella,Simona Cascioli,Paolo Palange,Ilaria Cuccaro,Cinzia Milito,Alimuddin Zumla,Markus Maeurer,Markus Maeurer,Vincenzo Camisa,Maria Vinci,Annapaola Santoro,Eleonora Cimini,Luisa Marchioni,Emanuele Nicastri,Fabrizio Palmieri,Chiara Agrati,Giuseppe Ippolito,Ottavia Porzio,Ottavia Porzio,Carlo Concato,Andrea Onetti Muda,Massimiliano Raponi,Concetta Quintarelli,Concetta Quintarelli,Isabella Quinti,Franco Locatelli,Franco Locatelli +33 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors performed a longitudinal follow-up, flow-cytometric and serological analysis of innate and adaptive immunity in 64 adults with a spectrum of clinical presentations.Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, not encountered before by humans. The wide spectrum of clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 illness suggests that individual immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 play a crucial role in determining the clinical course after first infection. Immunological studies have focused on patients with moderate to severe disease, demonstrating excessive inflammation in tissues and organ damage. In order to understand the basis of the protective immune response in COVID-19, we performed a longitudinal follow-up, flow-cytometric and serological analysis of innate and adaptive immunity in 64 adults with a spectrum of clinical presentations: 28 healthy SARS-CoV-2-negative contacts of COVID-19 cases; 20 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected cases; eight patients with Mild COVID-19 disease and eight cases of Severe COVID-19 disease. Our data show that high frequency of NK cells and early and transient increase of specific IgA, IgM and, to a lower extent, IgG are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, monocyte expansion and high and persistent levels of IgA and IgG, produced relatively late in the course of the infection, characterize severe disease. Modest increase of monocytes and different kinetics of antibodies are detected in mild COVID-19. The importance of innate NK cells and the short-lived antibody response of asymptomatic individuals and patients with mild disease suggest that only severe COVID-19 may result in protective memory established by the adaptive immune response.read more
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Correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease
TL;DR: Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus, and the role of cellular responses can be discerned with respect to CD4+ T cells and their augmentation of antibodies, and with regard to control of viral replication.
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Persistent B cell memory after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is functional during breakthrough infections
Sara Terreri,Eva Piano Mortari,Maria Vinci,Cristina Russo,Claudia Alteri,Christian Albano,Francesca Colavita,Giulia Gramigna,Chiara Agrati,Giulia Linardos,Luana Coltella,L. Colagrossi,Gloria Deriu,Marta Ciofi Degli Atti,Caterina Rizzo,Marco Scarsella,Rita Brugaletta,Vincenzo Camisa,Annapaola Santoro,Giuseppe Roscilli,Emiliano Pavoni,Alessia Muzi,Nicola Magnavita,Rossana Scutari,Alberto Villani,Massimiliano Raponi,Franco Locatelli,Carlo Federico Perno,Salvatore Zaffina,Rita Carsetti +29 more
TL;DR: Bergwerk et al. as discussed by the authors investigated whether BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induces durable and functional B cell memory in vivo against SARS-CoV-2 3, 6, and 9 months after the second dose in a cohort of health care workers.
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induced Atypical Immune Responses in Antibody Defects: Everybody Does their Best.
Ane Fernandez Salinas,Ane Fernandez Salinas,Eva Piano Mortari,Sara Terreri,Concetta Quintarelli,Concetta Quintarelli,Federica Pulvirenti,Stefano Di Cecca,Marika Guercio,Cinzia Milito,Livia Bonanni,Stefania Auria,Laura Romaggioli,Giuseppina Cusano,Christian Albano,Salvatore Zaffina,Carlo Federico Perno,Giuseppe Spadaro,Franco Locatelli,Franco Locatelli,Rita Carsetti,Isabella Quinti +21 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the vaccine induced Spike-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in all HD and in 20% of SARS-CoV-2 naive CVID patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA.
Eva Piano Mortari,Cristina Russo,Maria Vinci,Sara Terreri,Ane Fernandez Salinas,Ane Fernandez Salinas,Livia Piccioni,Claudia Alteri,Claudia Alteri,Luna Colagrossi,Luana Coltella,Stefania Ranno,Giulia Linardos,Marilena Agosta,Christian Albano,Chiara Agrati,Concetta Castilletti,Silvia Meschi,Paolo Romania,Paolo Romania,Giuseppe Roscilli,Emiliano Pavoni,Vincenzo Camisa,Annapaola Santoro,Rita Brugaletta,Nicola Magnavita,Alessandra Ruggiero,Alessandra Ruggiero,Nicola Cotugno,Donato Amodio,Marta Luisa Cioffi Degli Atti,Daniela Giorgio,Nicoletta Russo,Guglielmo Salvatori,Tiziana Corsetti,Franco Locatelli,Franco Locatelli,Carlo Federico Perno,Salvatore Zaffina,Rita Carsetti +39 more
TL;DR: In this paper, after one and two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, the second dose significantly increased the level of highly specific memory B cells and antibodies, thus predicting a sustained protection from COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit polyfunctional antibodies.
Jérémy Dufloo,Jérémy Dufloo,Ludivine Grzelak,Ludivine Grzelak,Isabelle Staropoli,Yoann Madec,Laura Tondeur,François Anna,Stéphane Pelleau,Aurélie Wiedemann,Cyril Planchais,Julian Buchrieser,Rémy Robinot,Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer,Hugo Mouquet,Pierre Charneau,Michael T. White,Yves Levy,Bruno Hoen,Arnaud Fontanet,Olivier Schwartz,Olivier Schwartz,Timothée Bruel,Timothée Bruel +23 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed antibody functions in 52 asymptomatic infected individuals, 119 mildly symptomatic, and 21 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and found that antibody levels and functions are correlated regardless of disease severity.
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TL;DR: It is proposed that reduced innate antiviral defenses coupled with exuberant inflammatory cytokine production are the defining and driving features of COVID-19.
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