Diffuse optical measurement of blood flow, blood oxygenation, and metabolism in a human brain during sensorimotor cortex activation.

doi:10.1364/OL.29.001766

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Diffuse optical measurement of blood flow, blood oxygenation, and metabolism in a human brain during sensorimotor cortex activation.

Journal Article•DOI•

Diffuse optical measurement of blood flow, blood oxygenation, and metabolism in a human brain during sensorimotor cortex activation.

Turgut Durduran¹, Guoqiang Yu¹, Mark G. Burnett, John A. Detre¹, Joel H. Greenberg¹, Jiongjiong Wang¹, Chao Zhou¹, Arjun G. Yodh¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (1)

University of Pennsylvania¹

01 Aug 2004-Optics Letters (Optical Society of America)-Vol. 29, Iss: 15, pp 1766-1768

TL;DR: The feasibility for noninvasive optical measurement of blood flow through the skull of an adult brain is demonstrated, and the clinical potential of this hybrid, all-optical nonin invasive, methodology can now be explored.

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Abstract: We combine diffuse optical and correlation spectroscopies to simultaneously measure the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration and blood flow in an adult human brain during sensorimotor stimulation. The observations permit calculation of the relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in the human brain, for the first time to our knowledge, by use of all-optical methods. The feasibility for noninvasive optical measurement of blood flow through the skull of an adult brain is thus demonstrated, and the clinical potential of this hybrid, all-optical noninvasive, methodology can now be explored.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography

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Turgut Durduran, Regine Choe¹, Wesley B. Baker¹, Arjun G. Yodh¹•Institutions (1)

University of Pennsylvania¹

02 Jun 2010-Reports on Progress in Physics

TL;DR: The theoretical basis for near-infrared or diffuse optical spectroscopy (NIRS or DOS) is developed, and the basic elements of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are outlined.

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Abstract: This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue hemodynamics, wherein quantitative assessment of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations and blood flow are desired. The theoretical basis for near-infrared or diffuse optical spectroscopy is developed, and the basic elements of diffuse optical tomography are outlined. We also discuss diffuse correlation spectroscopy, a technique whereby temporal correlation functions of diffusing light are transported through tissue and are used to measure blood flow. Essential instrumentation is described, and representative brain and breast functional imaging and monitoring results illustrate the workings of these new tissue diagnostics.

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987 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Progress of near-infrared spectroscopy and topography for brain and muscle clinical applications

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Martin Wolf¹, Marco Ferrari², Valentina Quaresima²•Institutions (2)

University of Zurich¹, University of L'Aquila²

01 Nov 2007-Journal of Biomedical Optics

TL;DR: This review reports on the progress of the NirS and NIRI instrumentation for brain and muscle clinical applications 30 years after the discovery of in vivo NIRS and summarizes the measurable parameters in relation to the different techniques.

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Abstract: This review celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first in vivo near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS) publication, which was authored by Professor Frans Jobsis. At first, NIRS was utilized to experimentally and clinically investigate cerebral oxygenation. Later it was applied to study muscle oxidative metabolism. Since 1993, the discovery that the functional activation of the human cerebral cortex can be explored by NIRS has added a new dimension to the research. To obtain simultaneous multiple and localized information, a further major step forward was achieved by introducing NIR imaging (NIRI) and tomography. This review reports on the progress of the NIRS and NIRI instrumentation for brain and muscle clinical applications 30 years after the discovery of in vivo NIRS. The review summarizes the measurable parameters in relation to the different techniques, the main characteristics of the prototypes under development, and the present commercially available NIRS and NIRI instrumentation. Moreover, it discusses strengths and limitations and gives an outlook into the "bright" future.

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574 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from animal to man

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Elizabeth M. C. Hillman¹•Institutions (1)

Columbia University¹

01 Sep 2007-Journal of Biomedical Optics

TL;DR: Optical brain imaging has seen 30 years of intense development, and has grown into a rich and diverse field as mentioned in this paper, with a wide range of approaches currently being applied to in-vivo optical brain imaging, from animal to man.

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Abstract: Optical brain imaging has seen 30 years of intense development, and has grown into a rich and diverse field. In-vivo imaging using light provides unprecedented sensitivity to functional changes through intrinsic contrast, and is rapidly exploiting the growing availability of exogenous optical contrast agents. Light can be used to image microscopic structure and function in vivo in exposed animal brain, while also allowing noninvasive imaging of hemodynamics and metabolism in a clinical setting. This work presents an overview of the wide range of approaches currently being applied to in-vivo optical brain imaging, from animal to man. Techniques include multispectral optical imaging, voltage sensitive dye imaging and speckle-flow imaging of exposed cortex, in-vivo two-photon microscopy of the living brain, and the broad range of noninvasive topography and tomography approaches to near-infrared imaging of the human brain. The basic principles of each technique are described, followed by examples of current applications to cutting-edge neuroscience research. In summary, it is shown that optical brain imaging continues to grow and evolve, embracing new technologies and advancing to address ever more complex and important neuroscience questions.

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467 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy for non-invasive, micro-vascular cerebral blood flow measurement.

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Turgut Durduran, Arjun G. Yodh¹•Institutions (1)

University of Pennsylvania¹

15 Jan 2014-NeuroImage

TL;DR: Recent clinical research that employs DCS-measured CBF as a biomarker of patient well-being, and as an indicator of hemodynamic and metabolic responses to functional stimuli, is described.

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410 citations

Cites background or methods from "Diffuse optical measurement of bloo..."

...…labeled MRI (ASL-MRI) in human muscle tissue during ischemia and in rat, neonatal and adult brain tissues (Carp et al., 2010; Durduran, 2004; Durduran et al., 2004, 2007, 2008b, 2009b, 2010b; Yu et al., 2007), with Xenon-CT in injured adult brain (Kim et al., 2008, 2010), with indocyanine…...
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...For the sensorimotor stimuli due to finger-tapping (Durduran et al., 2004), the probe is placed on the side of the head over the sensorimotor cortex; in this case, robust CBF changes are observed in response to the stimuli....
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..., 2001) and in adult brain in 2004 (Durduran, 2004; Durduran et al., 2004)....
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..., multi-layer and tomographic) can also be usefully employed to analyze DCS (and NIRS/DOS) data (Durduran, 2004; Durduran et al., 2004; Gagnon et al., 2008; Jaillon et al., 2006; Li et al., 2005)....
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...For typical functional events, the fractional change in CBF is larger than HbO2/Hb concentration; e.g., Durduran et al. (2004) observed ~2% changes in hemoglobin concentration and ~40% changes in CBF during the same stimulation....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Assessment of the cerebral cortex during motor task behaviours in adults: a systematic review of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies.

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Daniel R. Leff¹, Felipe Orihuela-Espina¹, Clare E. Elwell², Thanos Athanasiou¹, David T. Delpy², Ara Darzi¹, Guang-Zhong Yang¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

Imperial College London¹, University College London²

14 Feb 2011-NeuroImage

TL;DR: The contribution of the fNIRS technique to advancing the understanding of motor skill learning and control in the context of tasks of everyday living, athletic performance, and recovery from neurological illness is assessed.

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385 citations

Cites background or methods from "Diffuse optical measurement of bloo..."

...3, the delayed response pattern (N2 s) consists of a rapid increase in HbO2 and total haemoglobin (HbT) concentration, with a subsequent decrease during the remainder of motor stimulation along with a slower, smaller amplitude decrease in HHb concentration (Akiyama et al., 2006; Colier et al., 1997; Durduran et al., 2004; Hirth et al., 1997; Horovitz and Gore, 2003; Mackert et al., 2008; Maki et al., 1995, 1996; Mehagnoul-Schipper et al., 2002; Miyai et al., 2001; Obrig et al., 1996a; Sato et al., 2007; Strangman et al., 2003; Toronov et al., 2000, 2001; Watanabe et al., 1996; Wolf et al., 2002)....
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...Is there concordance between predicted and observed cortical haemodynamic responses following motor stimulation? Over the last decade investigators have employed relatively simple motor stimuli to investigate the fNIRS response to brain activation (Shimada et al., 2004; Colier et al., 1997; Hirth et al., 1996; Li et al., 2005; Ishizu et al., 2009; Chiang et al., 2007; Durduran et al., 2004; Franceschini et al., 2003; Hirth et al., 1997; Horovitz and Gore, 2003; Maki et al., 1996; Obrig et al., 1996a,b; Sato et al., 2007; Selb et al., 2005; Watanabe et al., 1996) to determine if the pattern of response was predictable based on neurovascular coupling and to clarify competing response patterns previously observed (Hoshi and Tamura, 1993; Kato et al....
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...These include a lack of between trial statistical analysis (Durduran et al., 2004), assumptions regarding an arbitrary ‘single activation centre’ (Kameyama et al., 2006), temporally short test–retest windows, failure to consider temporal and spatial data for both haemoglobin species simultaneously…...
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...…to brain activation (Shimada et al., 2004; Colier et al., 1997; Hirth et al., 1996; Li et al., 2005; Ishizu et al., 2009; Chiang et al., 2007; Durduran et al., 2004; Franceschini et al., 2003; Hirth et al., 1997; Horovitz and Gore, 2003; Maki et al., 1996; Obrig et al., 1996a,b; Sato et al.,…...
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...These include a lack of between trial statistical analysis (Durduran et al., 2004), assumptions regarding an arbitrary ‘single activation centre’ (Kameyama et al....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man

[...]

Per E. Roland, B. Larsen, Niels A. Lassen, E. Skinhøj

01 Jan 1980-Journal of Neurophysiology

TL;DR: It is suggested that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area.

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Abstract: 1. Previous studies in man have revealed a coupling between the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. In normal man, increases in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen leads to proportional increases in the rCBF(34). We have measured the rCBF as an expression of the level of cortical activity simultaneously from 254 cortical regions in 28 patients with no major neurological defects, during rest and during planning and execution of a few types of learned voluntary movements with the hand. 2. We found that the rCBF increases exclusively in the supplementary motor area while subjects were programming a sequence of fast isolated movements of individual fingers, without actually executing it. 3. During execution of the same motor sequence, there were equivalent increases of the rCBF in both supplementary motor areas, but only in the contralateral primary motor area. In addition, there were more modest rCBF increases in the contralateral sensory hand area, the convexity part of the premotor area, and bilaterally in the inferior frontal region. 4. Repetitive fast flexions of the same finger or a sustained isometric muscular contraction raise the blood flow in the contralateral primary motor and sensory hand area. 5. A pure somatosensory discrimination of the shapes of objects, without any concomitant voluntary movements, also leaves the supplementary motor areas silent. 6. We conclude that the primary motor area and the part of the motor system it projects to by itself can control ongoing simple ballistic movements with the self-same body part. A sequence of different isolated finger movements requires programming in the supplementary motor areas. We suggest that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area.

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1,468 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Diffusing wave spectroscopy

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David J. Pine¹, David J. Pine², David A. Weitz¹, David A. Weitz², Paul Chaikin¹, Paul Chaikin², E. Herbolzheimer¹, E. Herbolzheimer² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

University of Pennsylvania¹, Haverford College²

21 Mar 1988-Physical Review Letters

TL;DR: A phenomenological model, which exploits the diffusive nature of the transport of light, is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data for several different scattering geometries, and the dependence on geometry provides an important experimental control over the time scale probed.

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Abstract: We obtain useful information from the intensity autocorrelations of light scattered from systems which exhibit strong multiple scattering. A phenomenological model, which exploits the diffusive nature of the transport of light, is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data for several different scattering geometries. The dependence on geometry provides an important experimental control over the time scale probed. We call this technique diffusing wave spectroscopy, and illustrate its utility by studying diffusion in a strongly interacting colloidal glass.

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977 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Optical pathlength measurements on adult head, calf and forearm and the head of the newborn infant using phase resolved optical spectroscopy

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A Duncan¹, JH Meek, M Clemence, Clare E. Elwell, Lidia Tyszczuk, Mark Cope, D. T. Delpy - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

University College London¹

01 Feb 1995-Physics in Medicine and Biology

TL;DR: A wavelength dependence was obtained for DPF on all tissues and a difference in DPF between male and female was observed for both the adult arm and leg and the results can be used to improve the quantitation of chromophore concentration changes in adults and newborn infants.

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Abstract: We have used an intensity modulated optical spectrometer, which measures the phase shift across tissue experienced by intensity modulated near-infrared light, to determine the absolute optical pathlength through tissue. The instrument is portable and takes only 5 s to record pathlength at four wavelengths (690 nm, 744 nm, 807 nm and 832 nm). The absolute pathlength divided by the known spacing between the light source and detector on the skin is the differential pathlength factor (DPF) which previous studies have shown is approximately constant for spacings greater than 2.5 cm. DPF results are presented for measurements on 100 adults and 35 newborn infants to determine the statistical variation on the DPF. All measurements were made at a frequency of 200 MHz with source-detector spacings of > 4 cm. Results at 807 nm show a DPF of 4.16(+/- 18.8%) for adult arm, 5.51(+/- 18%) for adult leg, 6.26(+/- 14.1%) for adult head and 4.99(+/- 9%) for the head of a newborn infant. A wavelength dependence was obtained for DPF on all tissues and a difference in DPF between male and female was observed for both the adult arm and leg. The results can be used to improve the quantitation of chromophore concentration changes in adults and newborn infants.

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727 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects.

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James G. Colebatch¹, Marie-Pierre Deiber, Richard E. Passingham, K. J. Friston, R. S. J. Frackowiak - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Hammersmith Hospital¹

01 Jun 1991-Journal of Neurophysiology

TL;DR: The data indicate that neither "fractionation" nor distal movement per se cause selective activation of sensorimotor cortex, and this finding does not prove unequivocally a "selective" role of the nonprimary motor areas in proximal movement.

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Abstract: 1. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using positron emission tomography in six normal volunteers while at rest and while performing four different repetitive movements of the right a...

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603 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Multiple Light Scattering from Disordered Media. The Effect of Brownian Motion of Scatterers

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G. Maret¹, Pierre-Etienne Wolf²•Institutions (2)

Max Planck Society¹, Centre national de la recherche scientifique²

01 Dec 1987-European Physical Journal B

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the time autocorrelation function of the light intensity multiply scattered from turbid aqueous suspensions of submicron size polystyrene spheres in directions near backscattering.

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Abstract: We have measured the time autocorrelation function of the light intensity multiply scattered from turbid aqueous suspensions of submicron size polystyrene spheres in directions near backscattering. It is found strongly non-exponential at short times revealing the very fast decay of coherence in extended scattering loops due to the thermal motion of the many spheres involved; the longest living decay time is found remarkably close to the single particle backscattering relaxation time even under conditions of interparticle interactions. These features are only weakly affected by the particular interference effect between time-reversed pairs of loops giving rise to the coherent backscattering enhancement. A simple argument is presented which accounts for these observations.

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573 citations