Digital simulation of random processes and its applications
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an efficient method for digital simulation of general homogeneous processes as a series of cosine functions with weighted amplitudes, almost evenly spaced frequencies, and random phase angles.
About: This article is published in Journal of Sound and Vibration.The article was published on 1972-11-08. It has received 1460 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stochastic process & Random variable.
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18 Dec 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified HAWT rotor performance calculation procedure was proposed to evaluate the effect of drag and blade number on the optimum performance of wind turbine rotor performance, considering the Betz limit and the ideal horizontal axis wind turbine with wake rotation.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Modern wind energy and its origins Modern wind turbines History of wind energy Wind characteristics and resources Introduction General characteristics of the wind resource Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer Wind data analysis and resource estimation Wind turbine energy production estimates using statistical techniques Overview of available resource assessment data Wind measurements and instrumentation Advanced topics Aerodynamics of wind turbines General overview One-dimensional momentum theory and the Betz limit Ideal horizontal axis wind turbing with wake rotation' Airfoils and general concepts of aerodynamics Momentum theory and blade element theory Blade shape for ideal rotor without wake rotation General rotor blade shape performance prediction Blade shape for optimum rotor with wake rotation Generalized rotor design procedure Simplified HAWT rotor performance calculation procedure Effect of drag and blade number on optimum performance Advanced aerodynamic topics Mechanics and dynamics Wind turbine rotor dynamics Detailed and specialized dynamic models Electrical aspects of wind turbines Basic concepts of electric power Power transformers Electrical machines Power converters Ancillary electrical equipment Wind turbine design Design procedure Wind turbine topologies Materials Machine elements Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine loads Wind turbine subsystems and components Design evaluation Power curve prediction Wind turbine control Overview of wind turbine control systems Typical grid-connected turbine operation Supervisory control overview and implementation Dynamic control theory and implementation Wind turbine siting, system design and integration Wind turbine siting Installation and operation issues Wind farms Wind turbines and wind farms in electric grids Offshore wind farms Operation in severe climates Hybrid electrical systems Wind energy system economics Overview of economic assessment of wind energy systems Capital costs of wind energy systems Operation and maintenance costs Value of wind energy Economic analysis methods Wind energy market considerations Wind energy systems: environmental aspects and impacts Avian interaction with wind trubines Visual impact of wind turbines Wind turbine noise Electromagnetic interference effects Land-use environmental impacts Other environmental considerations Nomenclature Problems Index
2,354 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model that can be used to represent all types of variable speed wind turbines in power system dynamics simulations is presented, and some results obtained after incorporation of the model in PSS/E, a widely used power system simulation software package, are presented and compared with measurements.
Abstract: A tendency to erect ever more wind turbines can be observed in order to reduce the environmental consequences of electric power generation. As a result of this, in the near future, wind turbines may start to influence the behavior of electric power systems by interacting with conventional generation and loads. Therefore, wind turbine models that can be integrated into power system simulation software are needed. In this contribution, a model that can be used to represent all types of variable speed wind turbines in power system dynamics simulations is presented. First, the modeling approach is commented upon and models of the subsystems of which a variable speed wind turbine consists are discussed. Then, some results obtained after incorporation of the model in PSS/E, a widely used power system dynamics simulation software package, are presented and compared with measurements.
1,001 citations
Cites methods from "Digital simulation of random proces..."
...The method used here to derive a time-domain signal from a power spectral density is described in [8] and used in [4] and [5]....
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TL;DR: A state-of-the-art review of past and recent developments in the SFEM area and indicating future directions as well as some open issues to be examined by the computational mechanics community in the future are provided.
851 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient algorithm to simulate turbulent, atmospheric or wind tunnel generated wind fields is devised based on a model of the spectral tensor for atmospheric surface-layer turbulence at high wind speeds and can simulate two- or three-dimensional fields of one, two or three components of the wind velocity fluctuations.
625 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of wind turbine aeroelasticity is given, starting with the simple aerodynamic Blade Element Momentum Method and ending with giving a review of the work done applying CFD on wind turbine rotors.
618 citations
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1,217 citations
996 citations
974 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present efficient and practical methods of simulating multivariate and multidimensional processes with specified cross-spectral density matrix, which can be expressed as the sum of cosine functions with random frequencies and random phase angles.
Abstract: Efficient and practical methods of simulating multivariate and multidimensional processes with specified cross‐spectral density are presented. When the cross‐spectral density matrix of an n‐variate process is specified, its component processes can be simulated as the sum of cosine functions with random frequencies and random phase angles. Typical examples of this type are the simulation, for the purpose of shaker test, of a multivariate process representing six components of the acceleration (due to, for example, a booster engine cutoff) measured at the base of a spacecraft and the simulation of horizontal and vertical components of earthquake acceleration. A homogeneous multidimensional process can also be simulated in terms of the sum of cosine functions with random frequencies and random phase angles. Examples of multidimensional processes considered here include the horizontal component f0(t,x) of the wind velocity perpendicular to the axis (x axis) of a slender structure, the vertical gust velocity field f0(x,y) frozen in space, and the boundary‐layer pressure field f0(x,y,t). Also, a convenient use of the present method of simulation in a class of nonlinear structural vibration analysis is described with a numerical example.
582 citations