Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
01 Jan 2017-pp 85-113
TL;DR: Digital twins as discussed by the authors link the physical system with its virtual equivalent to mitigate the problematic issues due to human interaction in the process of creation, production, operations, and disposal of a system.
Abstract: Systems do not simply pop into existence. They progress through lifecycle phases of creation, production, operations, and disposal. The issues leading to undesirable and unpredicted emergent behavior are set in place during the phases of creation and production and realized during the operational phase, with many of those problematic issues due to human interaction. We propose that the idea of the Digital Twin, which links the physical system with its virtual equivalent can mitigate these problematic issues. We describe the Digital Twin concept and its development, show how it applies across the product lifecycle in defining and understanding system behavior, and define tests to evaluate how we are progressing. We discuss how the Digital Twin relates to Systems Engineering and how it can address the human interactions that lead to “normal accidents.” We address both Digital Twin obstacles and opportunities, such as system replication and front running. We finish with NASA’s current work with the Digital Twin.
Citations
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TL;DR: It is shown, that literature concerning the highest development stage, the DT, is scarce, whilst there is more literature about DM and DS.
1,250 citations
TL;DR: The paper aims at analyzing the definitions of the DT concept in scientific literature, retracing it from the initial conceptualization in the aerospace field, to the most recent interpretations in the manufacturing domain and more specifically in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing research.
908 citations
Cites background from "Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredicta..."
...To study the long term behaviour of the system and predict its performances by keeping into account the different synergistic effects of environmental conditions [24,26,40,42];...
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...20 [42] 2016 BC AS Defining system behavior No Not Available Not available...
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...This was not only related to the use number one (health analyses), but also the other uses [24,26,32,40,42,45]....
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TL;DR: A characterisation of the Digital Twin is provided, identification of gaps in knowledge, and required areas of future research are identified: Perceived Benefits; Digital Twin across the Product Life-Cycle; Use-Cases; Technical Implementations; Levels of Fidelity; Data Ownership; and Integration between Virtual Entities; each of which are required to realise the Digital twin.
Abstract: While there has been a recent growth of interest in the Digital Twin, a variety of definitions employed across industry and academia remain. There is a need to consolidate research such to maintain a common understanding of the topic and ensure future research efforts are to be based on solid foundations. Through a systematic literature review and a thematic analysis of 92 Digital Twin publications from the last ten years, this paper provides a characterisation of the Digital Twin, identification of gaps in knowledge, and required areas of future research. In characterising the Digital Twin, the state of the concept, key terminology, and associated processes are identified, discussed, and consolidated to produce 13 characteristics (Physical Entity/Twin; Virtual Entity/Twin; Physical Environment; Virtual Environment; State; Realisation; Metrology; Twinning; Twinning Rate; Physical-to-Virtual Connection/Twinning; Virtual-to-Physical Connection/Twinning; Physical Processes; and Virtual Processes) and a complete framework of the Digital Twin and its process of operation. Following this characterisation, seven knowledge gaps and topics for future research focus are identified: Perceived Benefits; Digital Twin across the Product Life-Cycle; Use-Cases; Technical Implementations; Levels of Fidelity; Data Ownership; and Integration between Virtual Entities; each of which are required to realise the Digital Twin.
775 citations
Cites background or methods from "Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredicta..."
...In a later paper [34], Grieves further aligned the Digital Twin to the product life-cycle through the expansion of the concept via the introduction of the Digital Twin Prototype, Digital Twin Instance, Digital Twin Aggregate, and Digital Twin Environment (defined in Table 1)....
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...All papers that cite one of three seminal papers, Grieves [33] [34] or Tao et....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a reference model based on the concept of Skin Model Shapes, which serves as a digital twin of the physical product in design and manufacturing, and address model conceptualization, representation, and implementation as well as applications along the product life cycle.
765 citations
TL;DR: A novel concept of digital twin shop-floor (DTS) based on digital twin is explored and its four key components are discussed, including physicalShop-floor, virtual shop- Floor, shop- floor service system, and shop-ground digital twin data.
Abstract: With the developments and applications of the new information technologies, such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, a smart manufacturing era is coming. At the same time, various national manufacturing development strategies have been put forward, such as Industry 4.0 , Industrial Internet , manufacturing based on Cyber-Physical System , and Made in China 2025 . However, one of specific challenges to achieve smart manufacturing with these strategies is how to converge the manufacturing physical world and the virtual world, so as to realize a series of smart operations in the manufacturing process, including smart interconnection, smart interaction, smart control and management, etc. In this context, as a basic unit of manufacturing, shop-floor is required to reach the interaction and convergence between physical and virtual spaces, which is not only the imperative demand of smart manufacturing, but also the evolving trend of itself. Accordingly, a novel concept of digital twin shop-floor (DTS) based on digital twin is explored and its four key components are discussed, including physical shop-floor, virtual shop-floor, shop-floor service system, and shop-floor digital twin data. What is more, the operation mechanisms and implementing methods for DTS are studied and key technologies as well as challenges ahead are investigated, respectively.
741 citations
References
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"Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredicta..." refers background in this paper
...This embedding of connections is becoming much more ubiquitous with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) [25]....
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1,671 citations
"Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredicta..." refers background in this paper
...Complex systems have been characterized as being a large network of components, many-to-many communication channels, and sophisticated information processing that makes prediction of system states difficult [5]....
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