Direct calculation of permeability and permittivity for a left-handed metamaterial
TL;DR: In this article, an electromagnetic metamaterial was fabricated and demonstrated to exhibit a "left-handed" (LH) propagation band at microwave frequencies, a situation never observed in naturally occurring materials or composites.
Abstract: Recently, an electromagnetic metamaterial was fabricated and demonstrated to exhibit a “left-handed” (LH) propagation band at microwave frequencies. A LH metamaterial is one characterized by material constants—the permeability and permittivity—which are simultaneously negative, a situation never observed in naturally occurring materials or composites. While the presence of the propagation band was shown to be an inherent demonstration of left handedness, actual numerical values for the material constants were not obtained. In the present work, using appropriate averages to define the macroscopic fields, we extract quantitative values for the effective permeability and permittivity from finite-difference simulations using three different approaches.
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TL;DR: An RF/microwave-oriented LNA design approach based on constrained line search optimization, which targets a maximum gain for a specifled noise-flgure and is extremely efiective in terms of meeting the user-deflned speciflcations.
Abstract: Low-noise ampliflers (LNAs) are critical to a wide variety of electronic circuits such as those used in aerospace and Bluetooth applications. Because of the way noise propagates through a system, LNAs are desired to have a low noise-flgure and a high gain. In this paper, we propose an RF/microwave-oriented LNA design approach based on constrained line search optimization, which targets a maximum gain for a specifled noise-flgure. The proposed approach is automated and hence requires minimal user-intervention. Simulation results show that the approach is extremely efiective in terms of meeting the user-deflned speciflcations.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Clausius-Mossotti approximation was used to investigate the effective refractive index spectra of a granular composite, in which metallic magnetic inclusions having dispersive permittivity and permeability are embedded in the host medium.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of free-space millimeter wave measurement methods is presented, by assessing a variety of systems, theoretical models, extraction algorithms and calibration methods, in addition to conventional solid dielectric materials, artificial metamaterials, liquid and gaseous-phased samples.
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TL;DR: The results show that it is possible to treat metamaterial based cavities as one-dimensional Fabry-Perot resonators with a subwavelength cavity.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigated one of the promising applications of left-handed metamaterials: composite metamaterial based cavities. Four different cavity structures operating in the microwave regime were constructed, and we observed cavity modes on the transmission spectrum with different quality factors. The effective permittivity and permeability of the CMM structure and cavity structure were calculated by use of a retrieval procedure. Subsequently, in taking full advantage of the effective medium theory, we modeled CMM based cavities as one dimensional Fabry-Perot resonators with a subwavelength cavity at the center. We calculated the transmission from the Fabry-Perot resonator model using the one-dimensional transfer matrix method, which is in good agreement with the measured result. Finally, we investigated the Fabry-Perot resonance phase condition for a CMM based cavity, in which the condition was satisfied at the cavity frequency. Therefore, our results show that it is possible to treat metamaterial based cavities as one-dimensional Fabry-Perot resonators with a subwavelength cavity.
9 citations
TL;DR: A variety of physical realizations of the concept of metamorphic materials in microwave frequencies are presented, showing with specific metallodielectric designs how transitions among meetamorphic states can be obtained at the same frequency, for fixed material geometries, by electronic reconfigurability.
Abstract: We present what we believe is a new class of composite electromagnetic materials characterized by the concept of metamorphism, which we define in general terms. Metamorphic materials exhibit bulk electromagnetic transitions among states characterized by distinct ranges of values of their reflection coefficient. Each such state has unique physical properties induced by the corresponding values of the reflection coefficient. We present a variety of physical realizations of the concept of metamorphic materials in microwave frequencies, showing with specific metallodielectric designs how transitions among metamorphic states can be obtained at the same frequency, for fixed material geometries, by electronic reconfigurability. We further show how a given material exhibiting certain metamorphic states at a given frequency can transform into a different combination of metamorphic states at different frequencies; i.e., metamorphic materials have a useful dispersive degree of freedom.
8 citations
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10,495 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that microstructures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets exhibit an effective magnetic permeability /spl mu/sub eff/, which can be tuned to values not accessible in naturally occurring materials.
Abstract: We show that microstructures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets exhibit an effective magnetic permeability /spl mu//sub eff/, which can be tuned to values not accessible in naturally occurring materials, including large imaginary components of /spl mu//sub eff/. The microstructure is on a scale much less than the wavelength of radiation, is not resolved by incident microwaves, and uses a very low density of metal so that structures can be extremely lightweight. Most of the structures are resonant due to internal capacitance and inductance, and resonant enhancement combined with compression of electrical energy into a very small volume greatly enhances the energy density at critical locations in the structure, easily by factors of a million and possibly by much more. Weakly nonlinear materials placed at these critical locations will show greatly enhanced effects raising the possibility of manufacturing active structures whose properties can be switched at will between many states.
8,135 citations
TL;DR: A composite medium, based on a periodic array of interspaced conducting nonmagnetic split ring resonators and continuous wires, that exhibits a frequency region in the microwave regime with simultaneously negative values of effective permeability and permittivity varepsilon(eff)(omega).
Abstract: We demonstrate a composite medium, based on a periodic array of interspaced conducting nonmagnetic split ring resonators and continuous wires, that exhibits a frequency region in the microwave regime with
8,057 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an effective description for a metalodielectric photonic bandgap (PBG) material was developed for a semi-infinite and slab observables.
Abstract: An effective description is developed for a metalodielectric photonic bandgap (PBG) material far beyond the quasi-static limit of traditional effective-medium theories. An analytic approach, recently presented by the authors, is further advanced to provide the complete effective permittivity and permeability functions. Reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for both TM and TE oblique plane-wave incidence, based on the determination of the equivalent impedance for each lattice plane in the crystal and the transfer-matrix method for reconstructing the effect of successive lattice planes. An analysis of the semi-infinite and slab observables yields the anisotropic effective refractive index, effective permittivity, and effective permeability, thus completing the macroscopic description of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the medium. Among the novel aspects of the analysis is the equivalence of our PBG system with a physically dispersive system at ultraviolet frequencies and the derivation and explanation of the development of high dispersive magnetization (permeability) for these media, independently of the microscopic magnetic properties of the metallic implants.
44 citations