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Journal ArticleDOI

Directions in internal combustion engine research

01 Jan 2013-Combustion and Flame-Vol. 160, Iss: 1, pp 1-8
About: This article is published in Combustion and Flame.The article was published on 2013-01-01. It has received 534 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle & External combustion engine.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the progress and the gap in the knowledge of plasma assisted combustion in applications, chemistry, ignition and flame dynamics, experimental methods, diagnostics, kinetic modeling, and discharge control is provided in this paper.

812 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental combustion and emissions properties of advanced biofuels are reviewed, and their impact on engine performance is discussed, in order to guide the selection of optimal conversion routes for obtaining desired fuel combustion properties.
Abstract: The fundamental combustion and emissions properties of advanced biofuels are reviewed, and their impact on engine performance is discussed, in order to guide the selection of optimal conversion routes for obtaining desired fuel combustion properties. Advanced biofuels from second- and third-generation feedstocks can result in significantly reduced life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions, compared to traditional fossil fuels or first-generation biofuels from food-based feedstocks. These advanced biofuels include alcohols, biodiesel, or synthetic hydrocarbons obtained either from hydrotreatment of oxygenated biofuels or from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of advanced biofuels are linked to their fundamental combustion properties, which can be modeled using combustion chemical-kinetic mechanisms and surrogate fuel blends. In general, first-generation or advanced biofuels perform well in existing combustion engines, either as blend additives with petro-fuels or as pure “drop-in” replacements. Generally, oxygenated biofuels produce lower intrinsic nitric-oxide and soot emissions than hydrocarbon fuels in fundamental experiments, but engine-test results can be complicated by multiple factors. In order to reduce engine emissions and improve fuel efficiency, several novel technologies, including engines and fuel cells, are being developed. The future fuel requirements for a selection of such novel power-generation technologies, along with their potential performance improvements over existing technologies, are discussed. The trend in the biofuels and transportation industries appears to be moving towards drop-in fuels that require little changes in vehicle or fueling infrastructure, but this comes at a cost of reduced life-cycle efficiencies for the overall alternative-fuel production and utilization system. In the future, fuel-flexible, high-efficiency, and ultra-low-emissions heat-engine and fuel-cell technologies promise to enable consumers to switch to the lowest-cost and cleanest fuel available in their market at any given time. This would also enable society as a whole to maximize its global level of transportation activity, while maintaining urban air quality, within an energy- and carbon-constrained world.

343 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Aug 2014-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of properties of various common bio-fuels on the combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of an experimental, single-cylinder, four-stroke, high-speed, DI (direct injection) ‘Hydra’ diesel engine operated at three different loads was evaluated.

278 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the researches on various aspects of soot formation utilizing counterflow flames is provided in this paper, with focus on the most recent (post-2010) research progress.

276 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a metal-fuelled zero-carbon heat engine is proposed for power generation in which metal fuels are burned with air in a combustor to provide clean, high-grade heat.

200 citations

References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of temperature T and equivalence ratio Φ on soot formation at high pressures up to 5 MPa were investigated in a diesel engine and the trajectory in relation to both soot and NO formation region gives suggestion of a possibility of high temperature mixture combustion to reduce particulate formation in diesel engines.
Abstract: Experiments on the effects of temperature T and equivalence ratio Φ on soot formation at high pressures up to 5 MPa were conducted. Discussion of the trajectory in relation to both soot and NO formation region gives suggestion of a possibility of high temperature ― rich mixture combustion to reduce particulate formation in diesel engines

289 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical study of the low emission window (lower than 10 grams/kg-f CO, 10g/kgf HC, 0.5 grams/ kg-f NO and almost soot-less) of diesel HCCI combustion was performed over wide ranges by changing equivalence ratio, inlet temperature, intake valve closure timing, engine speed and fuel amount.
Abstract: This article describes a numerical study of the low emission window (lower than 10 g/kg-f CO, 10 g/kg-f HC, 0.5 g/kg-f NO and almost soot-less) of diesel HCCI combustion. In order to locate low emission operating conditions, parametric calculations were performed over wide ranges by changing equivalence ratio, inlet temperature, intake valve closure timing, engine speed and fuel amount under the assumption of ideal homogeneous charge. The CO, HC, NO and soot emissions are summarized on equivalence ratio-peak cycle temperature maps, and the low emission region was found to be located in the region approximately from 1,600 K to 1,800 K peak cycle temperature, and on the lean side of stoichiometric equivalence ratio. In addition, it is revealed that clean HCCI combustion is possible with reduced EGR levels by retarding the intake valve closure timing, and the low emission window moves toward higher temperatures as engine speed is increased.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-mode combustion model that combines a comprehensive kinetics scheme for volumetric heat release and a level-set-based model for turbulent flame propagation is applied over the range of engine combustion regimes from non-premixed to premixed conditions.
Abstract: In this work, a multi-mode combustion model, that combines a comprehensive kinetics scheme for volumetric heat release and a level-set-based model for turbulent flame propagation, is applied over the range of engine combustion regimes from non-premixed to premixed conditions Model predictions of the ignition processes and flame structures are compared to measurements from the literature of naturally occurring luminous emission and OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) Comparisons are performed over a range of conditions from conventional diesel operation (ie, short ignition delay, high oxygen concentration) to a low temperature combustion mode (ie, long ignition delay, low oxygen concentration) The multi-mode combustion model shows excellent prediction of the bulk thermodynamic properties (eg, rate of heat release), as well as local phenomena (ie, ignition location, fuel and combustion intermediate species distributions, and flame structure) The results of this study show that even in the limit of mixing controlled combustion, the flame structure is captured extremely well without considering sub-grid scale turbulence-chemistry interactions The combustion process is dominated by volumetric heat release in a thin zone around the periphery of the jet The rate of combustion is controlled by transport of reactive mixture to the reaction zone and the dominant mixing processes are well described by the large scale mixing and diffusion As the ignition delay is increased past the end of injection (ie, positive ignition dwell), both the simulations and optical diagnostics show that the reaction zone spans the entire jet cross-section In this combustion mode the combustion rate is no longer limited by transport to the reaction zone, but rather by kinetic timescales Although comparisons of results with and without consideration of flame propagation show very similar flame structures and combustion characteristics, the addition of the flame propagation model reveals details of the edge or triple-flame structure in the region surrounding the diffusion flame at the lift off location These details are not captured by the purely kinetics based combustion model, but are well represented by the present multi-mode modelCopyright © 2010 by ASME

37 citations

01 Jan 2012

25 citations