Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
TL;DR: The results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results and highlight the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account.
About: This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2012-12-15. It has received 6861 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Disease burden & Disability-adjusted life year.
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TL;DR: Demographic, physical, social, psychological and environmental factors are all important correlates for physical activity for people with knee or hip osteoarthritis.
Abstract: Objective:To determine the factors associated with physical activity participation in adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A systematic review was conducted including searches of AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library from inception until October 2013. Studies presenting quantitative correlates of physical activity in adults with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis were included. Two independent authors conducted the searches, extracted data and completed methodological quality assessment. Correlates were analysed using the summary code approach within the socio-ecological model.Results:A total of 170 correlates were identified from 29 publications analysing 8076 individual people with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Methodological quality was generally good. For knee osteoarthritis, factors consistently negatively associated with physical activity (reported more than four studies) were increasing age (number of participants in studies supporting association = 4558), non...
115 citations
TL;DR: Estimating the economic and disease burden of dengue in Southeast Asia using an expansion factor (EF) would seriously understate the burden and cost of the disease and elsewhere.
Abstract: Background
Dengue virus infection is the most common arthropod-borne disease of humans and its geographical range and infection rates are increasing. Health policy decisions require information about the disease burden, but surveillance systems usually underreport the total number of cases. These may be estimated by multiplying reported cases by an expansion factor (EF).
115 citations
TL;DR: In a systematic review, the evidence that non-specialist care providers in community settings can provide effective interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities or lower-functioning autism spectrum disorders is assessed.
Abstract: Background: The development of effective treatments for use by non-specialists is listed among the top research priorities for improving the lives of people with mental illness worldwide. The purpose of this review is to appraise which interventions for children with intellectual disabilities or lower-functioning autism spectrum disorders delivered by nonspecialist care providers in community settings produce benefits when compared to either a no-treatment control group or treatment-as-usual comparator. Methods and Findings: We systematically searched electronic databases through 24 June 2013 to locate prospective controlled studies of psychosocial interventions delivered by non-specialist providers to children with intellectual disabilities or lower-functioning autism spectrum disorders. We screened 234 full papers, of which 34 articles describing 29 studies involving 1,305 participants were included. A majority of the studies included children exclusively with a diagnosis of lowerfunctioning autism spectrum disorders (15 of 29, 52%). Fifteen of twenty-nine studies (52%) were randomized controlled trials and just under half of all effect sizes (29 of 59, 49%) were greater than 0.50, of which 18 (62%) were statistically significant. For behavior analytic interventions, the best outcomes were shown for development and daily skills; cognitive rehabilitation, training, and support interventions were found to be most effective for improving developmental outcomes, and parent training interventions to be most effective for improving developmental, behavioral, and family outcomes. We also conducted additional subgroup analyses using harvest plots. Limitations include the studies’ potential for performance bias and that few were conducted in lower- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: The findings of this review support the delivery of psychosocial interventions by non-specialist providers to children who have intellectual disabilities or lower-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Given the scarcity of specialists in many low-resource settings, including many lower- and middle-income countries, these findings may provide guidance for scale-up efforts for improving outcomes for children with developmental disorders or lower-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42012002641 Please see later in the article for the Editors’ Summary.
115 citations
Cites background from "Disability-adjusted life years (DAL..."
...International evidence has shown that 75% to 85% of individuals with mental disorders in some LMICs do not receive any treatment services [6], and the lack of services prevents children from realizing a high quality of life and increases the burden on families [4]....
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...4% of all disability-adjusted life years [4]....
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TL;DR: An extensive literature review on the overlap between healthy aging and health equity was conducted, privileging publications from 2005 onward, from low-, middle-, and high-income countries.
Abstract: Purpose of the study Social and scientific discourses on healthy ageing and on health equity are increasingly available, yet from a global perspective limited conceptual and analytical work connecting both has been published. This review was done to inform the WHO World Report on Ageing and Health and to inform and encourage further work addressing both healthy aging and equity. Design and methods We conducted an extensive literature review on the overlap between both topics, privileging publications from 2005 onward, from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. We also reviewed evidence generated around the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, applicable to ageing and health across the life course. Results Based on data from 194 countries, we highlight differences in older adults' health and consider three issues: First, multilevel factors that contribute to differences in healthy ageing, across contexts; second, policies or potential entry points for action that could serve to reduce unfair differences (health inequities); and third, new research areas to address the cause of persistent inequities and gaps in evidence on what can be done to increase healthy ageing and health equity. Implications Each of these areas warrant in depth analysis and synthesis, whereas this article presents an overview for further consideration and action.
114 citations
Cites background from "Disability-adjusted life years (DAL..."
...…across and within countries for life expectancy as well as risk, disease, and disability at older ages (for example, see Hambleton et al., 2015; Murray et al., 2012; WHO, 2012). by guest on A pril 9, 2016 http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/ D Absolute differences in health status across…...
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TL;DR: The publication of the updated Global Burden of Disease (GBD) provides a broad overview of the challenges to global health, with regrouped data indicating that viral hepatitis accounts for the loss of approximately 42 779 000 DALYs, just behind neonatal sepsis.
Abstract: The publication of the updated Global Burden of Disease (GBD) [1,2] provides a broad overview of the challenges to global health. As with the previous surveys [3], it is likely that over the coming years, the GBD will be used (and abused) to justify greater resources to combat different diseases. Whatever concerns there might exist about the robustness of the data, in the absence of any other systematic attempt to describe global disease, these data matter. How they are presented matters too, particularly in relation to viral hepatitis. In this survey, as in previous surveys, liver disease does not feature prominently in the overall global disease rankings. Cirrhosis, the highest liver-specific diagnosis, is ranked 23rd (C.I. 19–27) in the overall causes of disease (the same ranking as in the 1990 survey). Whilst of undoubted clinical and public health importance, cirrhosis is the final common end point for many different diseases, as is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The same data can be presented differently to estimate the global needs for treatment and prevention of liver disease, in particular viral hepatitis. These data are important, given the progress in medical science that creates the potential for tackling viral hepatitis globally. The 2010 GBD spreads the burden of disease attributable to viral hepatitis across different categories, with lost Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) presented separately for acute infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The choice of how different causes of disease are clustered for comparative ranking is often the cause for debate, and decisions are, in part, made ‘because of considerations related to public health programmes’ [1]. In this context, whether cirrhosis is the most useful grouping for overall rankings can be questioned, and regrouping the data can give an estimate for the global burden of viral hepatitis (see Table 1). These data are not perfect. In some cases, for example, the methodology for estimation uses prevalence data for infection rather than measures of disease itself [4], but high-quality prevalence data are lacking for many parts of the world. Estimating the burden of acute infection and end-stage disease requires assumptions that are open for debate. Nonetheless, these regrouped data indicate that viral hepatitis accounts for the loss of approximately 42 779 000 DALYs. How this would translate to a disease ranking is harder to predict as the final rankings are based on multiple simulation, but viral hepatitis would sit around 17th, just behind neonatal sepsis. Grouped together, viral hepatitis accounts for a greater loss of DALYs than many other communicable diseases (e.g. pneumococcal pneumonia). Taking a similar approach to mortality data alone (as opposed to DALYs) would put viral hepatitis into the top 10 leading causes of mortality, above TB and malaria. Such regrouped estimates may yet be underestimates given experience in Western settings [5]. For example, a substantial proportion of global HIV-related morbidity and mortality may be due to co-infection with viral hepatitis. How diseases are grouped together matters when it comes to allocation of public health resources and research funding. By bundling several widespread, treatable disorders that do not individually feature in the global burden of disease, the concept of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has proven helpful in increasing political attention, research and development funding, and disease control programmes for diseases such as schistosomiasis and trachoma, which would otherwise struggle to be visible. Even grouped together, the NTDs have a far lower burden of disease (as measured by DALYs) than viral hepatitis. Should viral hepatitis be bundled with all liver diseases to improve their profile? There are some reasons that this might be helpful, not least the existing professional organizations focussed on liver disease, and such organizations have an important role to play in improving the quality of hepatology services throughout the world. Amongst DALYs lost due to other liver diseases, alcohol provides by far the largest contribution. By grouping together alcohol-related liver disease with viral hepatitis, liver disease would rank above TB and diabetes in the 2010 GBD. However, if the
114 citations
References
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TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.
11,809 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors" and use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020.
Abstract: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors;...generate assessments of numbers of deaths by cause that are consistent with the total numbers of deaths by age sex and region provided by demographers;...provide methodologies for and assessments of aggregate disease burden that combine--into the Disability-Adjusted Life Year or DALY measure--burden from premature mortality with that from living with disability; and...use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020." This first volume includes chapters summarizing results from the project as a whole. (EXCERPT)
7,154 citations
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
7,021 citations
TL;DR: The three leading contributors to the burden of disease are communicable and perinatal disorders affecting children, and the substantial burdens of neuropsychiatric disorders and injuries are under-recognised.
4,425 citations