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Discourse analysis and Foucault's "Archaeology of knowledge"

01 Jan 2008-
TL;DR: The authors reconstructs Foucault's writings in his "Archaeology of Knowledge" to provide a theoretical base for future archaeological discourse analysis, which can be categorized as a socio-linguistic discourse analysis.
Abstract: more recently nursing scientists are discovering it for their purposes. However, several authors have criticized that discourse analysis is often misinterpreted because of a lack of understanding of its theoretical backgrounds. In this article, I reconstruct Foucault’s writings in his “Archaeology of Knowledge” to provide a theoretical base for future archaeological discourse analysis, which can be categorized as a socio-linguistic discourse analysis. K E Y W O R D S : Discourse analysis, Foucault, critical research, philosophy of science, multidisciplinary research, nursing International Journal of Caring Sciences http://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org Sept Dec 2008 Vol 1 Issue 3
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DissertationDOI
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: This article explored inter-subjective discourses and situated practices with a view to unravelling the temporal and spatial dimensions of entrepreneurship among Nigerians, the most populous Black-Africans in the UK.
Abstract: The dynamic evolution of Diaspora Entrepreneurship reflects broad range of vistas; profoundly tensing up ‘conventional wisdom’, pressing knowledge boundaries and simultaneously exposing fundamental paradoxes in the characterisation of ethnic-minority groups in the context of their entrepreneurship. Prior efforts at researching and advancing knowledge in this sphere have been hugely complicated, not less by the ‘problematic of subjectivity’. Against this background, this thesis explores inter-subjective discourses and situated practices with a view to unravelling the temporal and spatial dimensions of entrepreneurship among Nigerians, the most populous Black-Africans in the UK. Thus, from contextual lenses of Nigerian entrepreneurs in London, the thesis unpacks the dialectics of diaspora entrepreneurship to allow the formulation and stabilisation of a diagnostic schema. Leaning on the philosophical axioms of interpretive discourse analysis, data are extracted from first-generation Nigerian entrepreneurs principally through the use of narrative interviews. The study finds taxonomical fluidity in the schematisation of contemporary ethnic entrepreneurship as well as its trajectories of growth. Whilst increasingly enmeshed in the evolving phenomenon of diaspora entrepreneurship, ‘home’/‘host’ country dualisms are revealed and found to impact entrepreneurial values and identities. Essentially, the duality of entrepreneurial spaces reveals ambivalent positions, constraining the representation of ethnic entrepreneurship whilst at the same time pointing to new subject position. In both spaces, the study recognises unique trends, opportunity structures and spatial arrangements impacting business development and strategies. The study demonstrates that ethnic entrepreneurship is a plethora of competing and negotiated value systems and meaning structures from which it is possible to assert that diaspora entrepreneurship is a product of persistent interface between multitude of social forces, attributes, states of being, actions, networks, attitudes, emotions, values, and beliefs. Therefore, by revealing entrepreneurship encounters as acts of empowerment, resistance and expression for newly immigrant ethnic groups in Britain, new sites of knowledge are evidenced.

47 citations


Cites methods from "Discourse analysis and Foucault's "..."

  • ...method with a high amount of flexibility (Jansen, 2008) and a multidisciplinary method that provides contextualisation, which is one of the major advantages of qualitative...

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Dissertation
01 May 2019
TL;DR: University of the Free State: Post-Graduate School, and the School for Allied Health Professions - Research Committee
Abstract: University of the Free State: Post-Graduate School, and the School for Allied Health Professions - Research Committee

34 citations


Cites background from "Discourse analysis and Foucault's "..."

  • ...- Thirdly, I realised that the corpus of data was already ample enough to answer the main research question, “as no researcher can use all data” (Phillips & Hardy, 2002, p. 19; Jansen, 2008, p. 108)....

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  • ...Jansen (2008) examines the value of using Foucault’s archaeology-analysis for the nursing profession in order to enhance the array of knowledge that a health professional needs, in addition to a critical awareness of the power relations that are imbedded in health care practices....

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  • ...The data sets chosen were texts, since in archaeology it is always those texts which produce knowledge that are found to be meaningful in a socio-cultural context (Jansen, 2008, p. 111; Phillips & Hardy, 2002, p. 4)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A qualitative investigation into whether online textual postings produced by undergraduate students as part of an undergraduate module can demonstrate their information literacy (IL) capabilities as a discursive competence and socially enacted practice is presented.
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative investigation into whether online textual postings, produced by undergraduate students as part of an undergraduate module, can demonstrate their information literacy (IL) capabilities as a discursive competence and socially enacted practice. It also asks whether these online postings embody power relations between students, tutors and librarians. Design/methodology/approach Foucault’s notion of discursive competence and the separate but complementary concept of practice architectures (specifically focussing on “sayings”) devised by Lloyd were used as thematic lenses to categorise online discussion board postings from a formative online peer assessment exercise created for first-year UK undergraduate students. Online postings were the node of analysis used to identify patterns of language across online conversation. These postings were inductively analysed through manual content analysis. Subject’s responses were initially categorised using open coding. Findings Postings appeared to embody student’s discursive competence and information practice in IL, especially their level of information discernment and what constituted a quality “reference” for an assignment. However, they also demonstrated that the notion of “references” (information artefacts such as a journal article) perform a certain function in reproducing the discursive practices of an academic discipline as an agreed construct between tutor, student and librarian. Practical implications Students were engaged in the process of becoming good scholars by using appropriate online postings to create valid arguments through assessing other’s work, but what they did not do was question received meanings regarding the quality of information they used as evidence. Far from exhibiting the desired outcome of critical thinking (a cornerstone of IL) students who appeared most articulate in discussion tended to emulate the “strong discourse” put forward by their tutors and librarians. Originality/value This research uses practice architectures and discourse analysis to analyse students’ IL capabilities and the context in which they are developed. An approach not employed hitherto. This has practical implications for the ways in which academics and librarians introduce students to the academic discourse of their discipline and the ways in which the production, communication and exchange of information in academic contexts is characterised.

23 citations


Cites background from "Discourse analysis and Foucault's "..."

  • ...For Foucault, the central issue is how discourse analysis can be used to uncover the way in which social reality is produced (Jansen, 2008)....

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  • ...Foucault, the central issue is how discourse analysis can be used to uncover the way in which social reality is produced (Jansen, 2008)....

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DissertationDOI
17 Feb 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature of the (social) representation of Islam, Arabs, and Muslims (collectively, IAM) in the media specifically after 9/11 shows that this topic has attracted growing international attention and has become an ongoing debate among academics in different fields.
Abstract: A review of the literature of the (social) representation of Islam, Arabs, and Muslims (collectively, IAM) in the media specifically after 9/11 shows that this topic has attracted growing international attention and has become an ongoing debate among academics in different fields. Indisputably, the discourse of representations has its own complexities. It needs to be addressed in a more inclusive way that examines its various levels to depict the crucial features, especially when a change takes place. Accordingly, this study trails a triangulated analytical model, namely tri-semantic framework, which puts a premium on investigating different levels of discourse and connecting them to the higher level of discourse as well as the overall socio-political changes. In other words, it creates a situational context in order to reveal the ideologies behind the social representations of ‘IAM’. This model draws on different analytical frameworks that can be used for a higher-level analysis, and combines both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, as well as a bottom-up analysis to examine texts within their social context. The model incorporates three subtypes of semantics, namely lexical (corpus linguistic features), interpersonal (the appraisal framework, Martin & White, 2005), and attentional (Marchittie, 2003), to reveal and presenting a comprehensive assessment of the ideologies that have operated behind the representations of ‘IAM’ before and after 9/11, from a lexical perspective. Hence, the lexical choices employed by the texts under examination are examined on the micro, meso, and macro levels. On the micro level of discourse, lexical semantic analysis was conducted to examine frequency of lexical choices, collocations, and lexical priming, from a lexical perspective within the framework of Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS). On the meso level, the APPRAISAL framework was employed to reveal the different attitudes that are implicit in the discourse revealing the ideology of the writers from an interpersonal perspective. Finally, on the macro level, attentional semantics was utilized to examine the linguistic aspects that affected and changed the representations of ‘IAM’ after 9/11 in terms of attention. The analysis was conducted on four different corpuses collected from The Australian and The Age newspapers. The first two corpuses, which functioned as a reference corpus, were compromised of news articles from both newspapers collected during the year preceding 9/11. The second two corpuses, on the other hand, are the target corpuses and they consisted of articles collected after the events of 9/11. An important finding in the current study is that in the discourse under investigation, there were two versions of ideologies operating on two different levels of discourse independently, namely the micro and meso levels, at the same time during both periods of time. In addition, this study argues that the changes of the lexical semantic features on the micro level are ideologically crucial, because the changes that took place on this level was the changes that may have largely influenced the public as a result of being easily recognizable. On the meso level, however, ideological bias is more hidden and needs some further examination to be uncovered by the public; yet, even if it is not recognized, it is always influential. After 9/11, the ideology that operated on the micro level has changed in both newspapers through the employment of a number of significant collocates that indicate the ideology of the newspapers. On the other hand, the ideology on the meso level remained constant, regardless of the increase and decrease in the attitudinal values. However, the socio-political events changed the context of the ideology on this level. In short, as Grewal (2008) suggests, “[t]he meso and micro-levels of analysis help to reinforce the arguments presented in the macro-level analysis” (p. 112). The applicability of the combined method was demonstrated by analyzing the construction of the images of ‘IAM’ in these corpuses, and the discursive function of these images in a socio-political context.

21 citations


Cites background from "Discourse analysis and Foucault's "..."

  • ...However, Jansen (2008) argues that discourse has different definitions in the literature,...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of Foucault's Archaeology of Knowledge and the concept of discursive formation to critique museums and sites of memory as spaces in which competing discourses of cultural identity emerge.

21 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language as discussed by the authors, is the book that many people are waiting for to publish.
Abstract: Now welcome, the most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. This is the book that many people in the world waiting for to publish. After the announced of this book, the book lovers are really curious to see how this book is actually. Are you one of them? That's very proper. You may not be regret now to seek for this book to read.

4,257 citations

Book
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the concept of Discourse Analysis, define it, and present the challenges of using it, as well as the challenges faced by using it in discourse analysis.
Abstract: Preface 1. What is Discourse Analysis? Defining Discourse Analysis Reasons for Using Discourse Analysis What Lies Ahead 2. The Variety of Discourse Analysis Theoretical Perspectives in Dscourse Analysis Empirical Studies in Discourse Analysis A Useful Methodology 3. Our Research Program Studying Identity Revitalizing Our Critical Approach A New Perspective on Exsisting Theoretical Debates Why We Use Discourse Analysis 4. The Challenges of Discourse Analysis Developing a Research Question Selecting a Site Collecting Data Analyzing the Data Writing Up the Study Make It Interesting 5. Conclusions Contributions Challenges On a Personal Note References About the Authors

1,467 citations

Book
25 May 2001
TL;DR: Though the text will be a perfect companion to the simultaneously published Reader, its broad coverage, combined with didactic, practical guidance should make this important reading for any student or researcher wishing to learn more about discourse analysis.
Abstract: This workbook will be invaluable for students across the social sciences who need to learn how to analyze discourse. Using a step-by-step approach, students are introduced to the principal range of methods for analyzing different types of text, taken through key analytic concepts, offered specimen analyses and given the opportunity to try out analytic concepts on new data. Discourse as Data is organized around eight chapters, six of which are related to the domains covered in the Reader, and top and tailed by two chapters which set up common methodological issues in discourse research relevant to all approaches (such as transcription and the application and the critical evaluation of discourse research). Though the text will be a perfect companion to the simultaneously published Reader, its broad coverage, combined with didactic, practical guidance should make this important reading for any student or researcher wishing to learn more about discourse analysis. This book will be ideal as a teaching tool, and an invaluable aid on discourse analysis courses, which have a practical content, most notably within the fields of psychology, cultural and media studies, sociology and linguistics.

1,097 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Discourse analysis can make a contribution to the development of nursing knowledge by providing a research strategy to examine dominant discourses that influence nursing practice.
Abstract: Discourse analysis: towards an understanding of its place in nursing Aim. This paper describes how discourse analysis, and in particular critical dis- course analysis, can be used in nursing research, and provides an example to illustrate the techniques involved. Background. Discourse analysis has risen to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s in disciplines such as the social sciences, literary theory and cultural studies and is increasingly used in nursing. This paper investigates discourse analysis as a useful methodology for conducting nursing research. Effective clinical reasoning relies on employing several different kinds of knowledge and research that draw on different perspectives, methodologies and techniques to generate breadth of knowledge and depth of understanding of clinical practices and patients' experiences of those practices. Discussion. The steps in a discourse analysis include: choosing the text, and iden- tifying the explicit purpose of the text, the processes used for claiming authority connections to other discourses, construction of major concepts, processes of naming and categorizing, construction of subject positions, construction of reality and social relations and implications for the practice of nursing. The limitations of discourse analysis, its relationship to other qualitative approaches and questions for evaluating the rigour of research using discourse analysis are also explored. The example of discourse analysis shows how a text influences the practice of nursing by shaping knowledge, values and beliefs. Conclusion. Discourse analysis can make a contribution to the development of nursing knowledge by providing a research strategy to examine dominant discourses that influence nursing practice.

172 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Reiner Keller1
TL;DR: In this paper, the Wissenssoziologische diskursanalyse is vorgestellt, i.e., a framework for the analysis of sozial konstituierter Akteure in der gesellschaftlichen Produktion und Zirkulation von Wissen.
Abstract: Im Beitrag wird das Forschungsprogramm der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse vorgestellt. Die Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse greift wichtige Anregungen der Foucaultschen Diskurstheorie auf und verbindet sie mit den Traditionen des sozialwissenschaftlichen interpretativen Paradigmas einschlieslich der Hermeneutischen Wissenssoziologie. Sie begreift Diskurse als "strukturierte und strukturierende Strukturen", die gesellschaftliche Aussagepraktiken instruieren. Die Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse betont die Rolle sozial konstituierter Akteure in der gesellschaftlichen Produktion und Zirkulation von Wissen und verbindet die Forschungsinteressen der Diskursperspektive mit dem methodischen Instrumentarium der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Mit Analysekonzepten wie "Deutungsmuster", "Klassifikationen", "Phanomenstruktur", "narrative Struktur", "Dispositiv" u.a. und im Ruckgriff auf Arbeitsstrategien der "Grounded Theory" reorientiert sie die Diskursperspektive weg von der Frage nach Sprache und hin zum soziologischen Interesse an der Untersuchung gesellschaftlicher Wissensverhaltnisse und Wissenspolitiken, zur diskursiven Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit als materialem Prozess. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503327

148 citations