Disorders of cholesterol metabolism and their unanticipated convergent mechanisms of disease.
Frances M. Platt,Christopher A. Wassif,Alexandria Colaco,Andrea Dardis,Emyr Lloyd-Evans,Bruno Bembi,Forbes D. Porter +6 more
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TLDR
A surprising finding is not only shedding light on details of cellular cholesterol homeostasis but also suggesting novel approaches to therapy.Abstract:
Cholesterol plays a key role in many cellular processes, and is generated by cells through de novo biosynthesis or acquired from exogenous sources through the uptake of low-density lipoproteins. Cholesterol biosynthesis is a complex, multienzyme-catalyzed pathway involving a series of sequentially acting enzymes. Inherited defects in genes encoding cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes or other regulators of cholesterol homeostasis result in severe metabolic diseases, many of which are rare in the general population and currently without effective therapy. Historically, these diseases have been viewed as discrete disorders, each with its own genetic cause and distinct pathogenic cascades that lead to its specific clinical features. However, studies have recently shown that three of these diseases have an unanticipated mechanistic convergence. This surprising finding is not only shedding light on details of cellular cholesterol homeostasis but also suggesting novel approaches to therapy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Complex lipid trafficking in Niemann-Pick disease type C.
TL;DR: A reappraisal of lipid storage and lysosomal enzymes activities in tissues/cells from NPC patients and animal models is provided, with emphasis on differences between systemic organs and the brain.
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Emptying the stores: lysosomal diseases and therapeutic strategies
TL;DR: Despite ongoing challenges, various therapeutic strategies for LSDs now exist, with many agents approved, undergoing clinical trials or in preclinical development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic tests for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C): A critical review.
Marie T. Vanier,Paul Gissen,Paul Gissen,Peter Bauer,Maria Josep Coll,Alberto Burlina,Christian J. Hendriksz,Christian J. Hendriksz,Philippe Latour,Cyril Goizet,Richard W. D. Welford,Thorsten Marquardt,Stefan A. Kolb +12 more
TL;DR: Advances in mass spectrometry has allowed identification of several sensitive plasma biomarkers elevated in NP-C, which, together with the concomitant progress in molecular genetic technology, have greatly impacted the strategy of laboratory testing.
Book ChapterDOI
Laboratory diagnosis of Niemann–Pick disease type C: The filipin staining test
Marie T. Vanier,Philippe Latour +1 more
TL;DR: Methodological caveats and variability of patterns encountered in patients with proven Niemann-Pick C disease (typical "classic" or "intermediate," atypical "variant") are described, leading to a proposed algorithm for interpretation of results in the filipin test.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comparative study on fluorescent cholesterol analogs as versatile cellular reporters
Erdinc Sezgin,Fatma Betul Can,Falk Schneider,Mathias P. Clausen,Mathias P. Clausen,Silvia Galiani,Tess A. Stanly,Dominic Waithe,Alexandria Colaco,Alf Honigmann,Daniel Wüstner,Frances M. Platt,Christian Eggeling +12 more
TL;DR: Different fluorescent lipid analogs are compared for their performance in cellular assays and their applicability in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)-based and super-resolution stimulated emission depletion-FCS-based measurements of membrane diffusion dynamics.
References
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Cholesterol, an essential molecule: diverse roles involving cytochrome P450 enzymes
TL;DR: The present article reviews the various roles of P 450s in human cholesterol metabolism, from endogenous P450s through to microbial oxidases that enable catabolism of human cholesterol, or facilitate production of statins that regulate cholesterol production with positive outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of vesicular transport in ABCA1-dependent lipid efflux and its connection with NPC pathways
Emmanuel Boadu,Gordon A. Francis +1 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge regarding the role of ABCA1 in vesicular lipid transport mechanisms required for HDL particle formation, and the relationship between ABCA 1 and NPC1 in this process are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sterol biosynthesis and prokaryotes-to-eukaryotes evolution.
TL;DR: The missing link between prokaryotes-to-eukaryotes evolution and atmospheric oxygen rise is likely to reside in, at least in part, sterol biosynthesis, i.e., high atmospheric oxygen concentration facilitates the generation of sterols and thus benefits the birth of complex organisms.
Book ChapterDOI
Lipid Rafts, Caveolae and GPI-Linked Proteins
TL;DR: The similarities and differences between lipid rafts and caveolae are outlined as well as important components and functions of each are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Altered distribution and function of natural killer cells in murine and human Niemann-Pick disease type C1.
Anneliese O. Speak,Danielle te Vruchte,Lianne C. Davis,Anthony J. Morgan,David Smith,Nicole M. Yanjanin,Louise Simmons,R. Hartung,Heiko Runz,Eugen Mengel,Michael Beck,Jackie Imrie,Elizabeth Jacklin,James E. Wraith,Christian J. Hendriksz,Robin H. Lachmann,Céline Cognet,Rohini Sidhu,Hideji Fujiwara,Daniel S. Ory,Antony Galione,Forbes D. Porter,Eric Vivier,Frances M. Platt +23 more
TL;DR: It is found that affected NPC1 patients and NPC1 heterozygote carriers had reduced NK-cell numbers in their blood and showed similar phenotypic and developmental changes to those observed in the NPC1 mouse, highlighting the effects of lysosomal storage on the peripheral immune system.