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Journal ArticleDOI

Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity in civilian women with posttraumatic stress disorder

TL;DR: This is the first study to show that the amygdala response may be accompanied by disruption of an amygdala-vmPFC functional circuit that is hypothesized to be involved in prefrontal cortical regulation of amygdala responsivity.
About: This article is published in Journal of Psychiatric Research.The article was published on 2013-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 230 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex & Amygdala.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The effects of Acute, Chronic & Withdrawal from Chronic Ethanol on Emotional Learning Enhanced Odorant Preference Associative Learning in C. elegans and the study of Procedural & Episodic Memory Function in Songbirds Need Dendritic Spines.
Abstract: Preface The Effects of Acute, Chronic & Withdrawal from Chronic Ethanol on Emotional Learning Enhanced Odorant Preference Associative Learning in C. Elegans with Protein Kinase C-Interactive Protein (PKCI)/Hint1 Mutation Brain Derives Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) & Adult Neurogenesis Neural Mechanisms for Expertise in Mental Imagery Language Processing Across Modalities: Insights from Bimodal Bilingualism Exploiting the Relationship of Natural Language & Computer Science: A Novel Theoretical Approach to Fairness Zero Power & Selflessness: What Meditation & Conscious Perception Have in Common Early Memories of Children & Adults: Implications for Infantile Amnesia APOE ? 4 Allele & Alheimer's Disease: Perspectives on AD Pathogenesis & Therapy The "Egocentric" Americans? Long-Term Memory for Public Events in Five Countries Ecological Validity & the Study of Procedural & Episodic Memory Function in Songbirds Need Dendritic Spines? There's an APP for That Cholesterol & Neuronal Susceptibility to Beta-Amyloid Toxicity Index.

325 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work describes the current understanding of the circuit dysfunction that underlies the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and provides further insights into the mechanisms of risk and resilience.
Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating and sometimes deadly consequence of exposure to severe psychological trauma. Although effective treatments exist for some individuals, they are limited. New approaches to intervention, treatment and prevention are therefore much needed. In the past few years, the field has rapidly developed a greater understanding of the dysfunctional brain circuits underlying PTSD, a shift in understanding that has been made possible by technological revolutions that have allowed the observation and perturbation of the macrocircuits and microcircuits thought to underlie PTSD-related symptoms. These advances have allowed us to gain a more translational knowledge of PTSD, have provided further insights into the mechanisms of risk and resilience and offer promising avenues for therapeutic discovery.

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that each network is associated with specific clinical symptoms observed in PTSD, including cognitive dysfunction (central executive network), increased and decreased arousal/interoception (salience network), and an altered sense of self (default mode network).
Abstract: Background : Three intrinsic connectivity networks in the brain, namely the central executive, salience, and default mode networks, have been identified as crucial to the understanding of higher cognitive functioning, and the functioning of these networks has been suggested to be impaired in psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective : 1) To describe three main large-scale networks of the human brain; 2) to discuss the functioning of these neural networks in PTSD and related symptoms; and 3) to offer hypotheses for neuroscientifically-informed interventions based on treating the abnormalities observed in these neural networks in PTSD and related disorders. Methods : Literature relevant to this commentary was reviewed. Results : Increasing evidence for altered functioning of the central executive, salience, and default mode networks in PTSD has been demonstrated. We suggest that each network is associated with specific clinical symptoms observed in PTSD, including cognitive dysfunction (central executive network), increased and decreased arousal/interoception (salience network), and an altered sense of self (default mode network). Specific testable neuroscientifically-informed treatments aimed to restore each of these neural networks and related clinical dysfunction are proposed. Conclusions : Neuroscientifically-informed treatment interventions will be essential to future research agendas aimed at targeting specific PTSD and related symptoms. Keywords: Intrinsic networks; default mode network; salience network; central executive network; insula; PTSD; interoception; neurofeedback; mindfulness; dissociation (Published: 31 March 2015) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2015, 6 : 27313 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.27313

176 citations


Cites background from "Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..."

  • ...Salience network and PTSD In addition to CEN abnormalities in PTSD, a number of studies have demonstrated connectivity alterations among brain areas related to the SN, such as between the anterior insula and other SN regions, including the amygdala (Birn, Patriat, Phillips, Germain, & Herringa, 2014; Cisler et al., 2013, 2014; Fonzo et al., 2010; Peterson, Thome, Frewen, & Lanius, 2014; Rabinak et al., 2011; Shang et al., 2014; Simmons, Norman, Spadoni, & Strigo, 2013; Simmons et al., 2008, 2011; Sripada, King, Garfinkel, et al., 2012; Sripada, King, Welsh, et al., 2012; Stevens et al., 2013; Tursich, Ros, Frewen, Calhoun, & Lanius, 2015)....

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  • ...…Thome, Frewen, & Lanius, 2014; Rabinak et al., 2011; Shang et al., 2014; Simmons, Norman, Spadoni, & Strigo, 2013; Simmons et al., 2008, 2011; Sripada, King, Garfinkel, et al., 2012; Sripada, King, Welsh, et al., 2012; Stevens et al., 2013; Tursich, Ros, Frewen, Calhoun, & Lanius, 2015)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first demonstration of successful downregulation of the amygdala using rt‐fMRI‐nf in PTSD, which was critically sustained in a subsequent transfer run without neurofeedback, and corresponded to increased connectivity with prefrontal regions involved in emotion regulation during the intervention.
Abstract: Amygdala dysregulation has been shown to be central to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) representing a critical treatment target. Here, amygdala downregulation was targeted using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-nf) in patients with PTSD, allowing us to examine further the regulation of emotional states during symptom provocation. Patients (n = 10) completed three sessions of rt-fMRI-nf with the instruction to downregulate activation in the amygdala, while viewing personalized trauma words. Amygdala downregulation was assessed by contrasting (a) regulate trials, with (b) viewing trauma words and not attempting to regulate. Training was followed by one transfer run not involving neurofeedback. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analyses were also computed to explore task-based functional connectivity and causal structure, respectively. It was found that PTSD patients were able to successfully downregulate both right and left amygdala activation, showing sustained effects within the transfer run. Increased activation in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), regions related to emotion regulation, was observed during regulate as compared with view conditions. Importantly, activation in the PFC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and the insula, were negatively correlated to PTSD dissociative symptoms in the transfer run. Increased functional connectivity between the amygdala- and both the dorsolateral and dorsomedial PFC was found during regulate, as compared with view conditions during neurofeedback training. Finally, our DCM analysis exploring directional structure suggested that amygdala downregulation involves both top-down and bottom-up information flow with regard to observed PFC-amygdala connectivity. This is the first demonstration of successful downregulation of the amygdala using rt-fMRI-nf in PTSD, which was critically sustained in a subsequent transfer run without neurofeedback, and corresponded to increased connectivity with prefrontal regions involved in emotion regulation during the intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 38:541-560, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

175 citations


Cites background from "Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..."

  • ...…Etkin and Wager, 2007; Lanius et al., 2010, 2015; Mickleborough et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2012; Pitman et al., 2012; Shin and Liberzon, 2010; Stevens et al., 2013; Weston, 2014; Yehuda et al., 2015; but also see the dissociative subtype of PTSD Lanius et al., 2010, 2015; Nicholson et al,…...

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  • ...…by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [Aghajani et al., 2016; Birn et al., 2014; Etkin and Wager, 2007; Lanius et al. 2010, 2015; Mickleborough et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2012; Pitman et al., 2012; Shin and Liberzon, 2010; Stevens et al., 2013; Weston, 2014; Yehuda et al., 2015]....

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  • ...…and monitoring physiological condition with respect to emotion [Birn et al., 2014; Bruce et al., 2013; Craig, 2009; Etkin et al., 2011, 2015; Gasquoine, 2014; Kurth et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2012, 2015; Pitman et al., 2012; Sadeh et al., 2014; Stevens et al., 2013; Yehuda et al., 2015]....

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  • ...…2010; Nicholson et al., 2016a; Rabinak et al., 2011; Sripada et al., 2012] and PFC [Birn et al., 2014; Brown et al., 2014; Nicholson et al., 2015; Stevens et al., 2013] among patients with PTSD. Notably, heightened symptoms of hyperarousal in PTSD are correlated with negative medial PFC-amygdala…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current review provides an update to the literature with regard to the most promising putative PTSD biomarkers, with specific emphasis on the interaction between neurobiological influences on disease risk and symptom progression.

163 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.
Abstract: Context Little is known about lifetime prevalence or age of onset of DSM-IV disorders. Objective To estimate lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Design and Setting Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using the fully structured World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents aged 18 years and older. Main Outcome Measures Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control, and substance use disorders. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates are as follows: anxiety disorders, 28.8%; mood disorders, 20.8%; impulse-control disorders, 24.8%; substance use disorders, 14.6%; any disorder, 46.4%. Median age of onset is much earlier for anxiety (11 years) and impulse-control (11 years) disorders than for substance use (20 years) and mood (30 years) disorders. Half of all lifetime cases start by age 14 years and three fourths by age 24 years. Later onsets are mostly of comorbid conditions, with estimated lifetime risk of any disorder at age 75 years (50.8%) only slightly higher than observed lifetime prevalence (46.4%). Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions About half of Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder sometime in their life, with first onset usually in childhood or adolescence. Interventions aimed at prevention or early treatment need to focus on youth.

17,213 citations


"Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Among the general population, PTSD is estimated to affect approximately 7% (Kessler et al., 2005), and a critical question for the field is why this disorder develops in some, but not others, following severe trauma exposure....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect size of all the risk factors was modest, but factors operating during or after the trauma, such as trauma severity, lack of social support, and additional life stress, had somewhat stronger effects than pretrauma factors.
Abstract: Meta-analyses were conducted on 14 separate risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the moderating effects of various sample and study characteristics, including civilian/military status, were examined. Three categories of risk factor emerged: Factors such as gender, age at trauma, and race that predicted PTSD in some populations but not in others; factors such as education, previous trauma, and general childhood adversity that predicted PTSD more consistently but to a varying extent according to the populations studied and the methods used; and factors such as psychiatric history, reported childhood abuse, and family psychiatric history that had more uniform predictive effects. Individually, the effect size of all the risk factors was modest, but factors operating during or after the trauma, such as trauma severity, lack of social support, and additional life stress, had somewhat stronger effects than pretrauma factors.

4,488 citations


"Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This is notable given that lower education level may be a risk factor for PTSD (Brewin et al., 2000)....

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01 Jan 1976

4,265 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new, MATLAB based toolbox for the SPM2 software package is introduced which enables the integration of probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and results of functional imaging studies and an easy-to-use tool for the integrated analysis of functional and anatomical data in a common reference space.

3,911 citations


"Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...…address the a priori prediction that the PTSD and TC groups would differ in amygdala activation, we additionally examined group differences using small-volume correction within a bilateral amygdala region of interest (ROI), defined anatomically using the SPM Anatomy Toolbox (Eickhoff et al., 2005)....

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  • ...To address the a priori prediction that the PTSD and TC groups would differ in amygdala activation, we additionally examined group differences using small-volume correction within a bilateral amygdala region of interest (ROI), defined anatomically using the SPM Anatomy Toolbox (Eickhoff et al., 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
03 Mar 2005-Neuron
TL;DR: It is suggested that disrupting focal pathological activity in limbic-cortical circuits using electrical stimulation of the subgenual cingulate white matter can effectively reverse symptoms in otherwise treatment-resistant depression.

3,610 citations


"Disrupted amygdala-prefrontal funct..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This region has served as a target for deep-brain stimulation in severe refractory depression, producing a marked reduction in symptoms and long-term remission (Holtzheimer et al., 2012; Mayberg et al., 2005)....

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