Distinctive nuclear organisation of centromeres and regions involved in pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells
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It is concluded that hES cell nuclei have a distinct nuclear architecture, especially at loci involved in maintaining pluripotency, which provides a framework within which other large-scale chromatin changes that may accompany differentiation can be considered.Abstract:
Nuclear organisation is thought to be important in regulating gene expression. Here we investigate whether human embryonic stem cells (hES) have a particular nuclear organisation, which could be important for maintaining their pluripotent state. We found that whereas the nuclei of hES cells have a general gene-density-related radial organisation of chromosomes, as is seen in differentiated cells, there are also distinctive localisations for chromosome regions and gene loci with a role in pluripotency. Chromosome 12p, a region of the human genome that contains clustered pluripotency genes including NANOG, has a more central nuclear localisation in ES cells than in differentiated cells. On chromosome 6p we find no overall change in nuclear chromosome position, but instead we detect a relocalisation of the OCT4 locus, to a position outside its chromosome territory. There is also a smaller proportion of centromeres located close to the nuclear periphery in hES cells compared to differentiated cells. We conclude that hES cell nuclei have a distinct nuclear architecture, especially at loci involved in maintaining pluripotency. Understanding this level of hES cell biology provides a framework within which other large-scale chromatin changes that may accompany differentiation can be considered.read more
Citations
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Domain organization of human chromosomes revealed by mapping of nuclear lamina interactions
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Hyperdynamic Plasticity of Chromatin Proteins in Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and differentiation
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TL;DR: This work discusses how unique properties of chromatin in ES cells contribute to the maintenance of pluripotency and the determination of differentiation properties.
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Large histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylated chromatin blocks distinguish differentiated from embryonic stem cells
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TL;DR: It is found that differentiated tissues show surprisingly large K9-modified regions (up to 4.9 Mb), which are large organized chromatin K9 modifications (LOCKs) and may provide a cell type–heritable mechanism for phenotypic plasticity in development and disease.
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Hypoxia enhances proliferation and tissue formation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human STELLAR, NANOG, and GDF3 genes are expressed in pluripotent cells and map to chromosome 12p13, a hotspot for teratocarcinoma.
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