Distinctive nuclear organisation of centromeres and regions involved in pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells
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It is concluded that hES cell nuclei have a distinct nuclear architecture, especially at loci involved in maintaining pluripotency, which provides a framework within which other large-scale chromatin changes that may accompany differentiation can be considered.Abstract:
Nuclear organisation is thought to be important in regulating gene expression. Here we investigate whether human embryonic stem cells (hES) have a particular nuclear organisation, which could be important for maintaining their pluripotent state. We found that whereas the nuclei of hES cells have a general gene-density-related radial organisation of chromosomes, as is seen in differentiated cells, there are also distinctive localisations for chromosome regions and gene loci with a role in pluripotency. Chromosome 12p, a region of the human genome that contains clustered pluripotency genes including NANOG, has a more central nuclear localisation in ES cells than in differentiated cells. On chromosome 6p we find no overall change in nuclear chromosome position, but instead we detect a relocalisation of the OCT4 locus, to a position outside its chromosome territory. There is also a smaller proportion of centromeres located close to the nuclear periphery in hES cells compared to differentiated cells. We conclude that hES cell nuclei have a distinct nuclear architecture, especially at loci involved in maintaining pluripotency. Understanding this level of hES cell biology provides a framework within which other large-scale chromatin changes that may accompany differentiation can be considered.read more
Citations
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Domain organization of human chromosomes revealed by mapping of nuclear lamina interactions
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Hyperdynamic Plasticity of Chromatin Proteins in Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells
Eran Meshorer,Dhananjay Yellajoshula,Eric M. George,Peter J. Scambler,David T. Brown,Tom Misteli +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that hyperdynamic binding of structural chromatin proteins is a functionally important hallmark of pluripotent ES cells that contributes to the maintenance of plasticity in undifferentiated ES cells and to establishing higher-order chromatin structure.
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Chromatin in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and differentiation
Eran Meshorer,Tom Misteli +1 more
TL;DR: This work discusses how unique properties of chromatin in ES cells contribute to the maintenance of pluripotency and the determination of differentiation properties.
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Large histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylated chromatin blocks distinguish differentiated from embryonic stem cells
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TL;DR: It is found that differentiated tissues show surprisingly large K9-modified regions (up to 4.9 Mb), which are large organized chromatin K9 modifications (LOCKs) and may provide a cell type–heritable mechanism for phenotypic plasticity in development and disease.
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Hypoxia enhances proliferation and tissue formation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
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References
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TL;DR: The observed patterns of centromere association with the gene content of the respective chromosomes further suggests that the variation in the composition of these heterochromatic structures may contribute to the dynamic relocation of genes in different nuclear compartments during cell differentiation, which might have functional implications for cell-stage-specific gene expression.
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