scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Distributed Piezoelectric-Polymer Active Vibration Control of a Cantilever Beam

01 Sep 1985-Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics (JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE, CONTROL AND DYNAMICS)-Vol. 8, Iss: 5, pp 605-611
TL;DR: In this article, an active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributedparameter control theory, and preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the beam.
Abstract: An active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributed-parameter control theory. The distributed-parameter actuator was a piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride). Lyapunov's second method for distributed-parameter systems was used to design a control algorithm for the damper. If the angular velocity of the tip of the beam is known, all modes of the beam can be controlled simultaneously. Preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the cantilever beam. A linear constant-gain controller and a nonlinear constant-amplitude controller were compared. The baseline loss factor of the first mode was 0.003 for large-amplitude vibrations (± 2 cm tip displacement) decreasing to 0.001 for small vibrations (±0.5 mm tip displacement). The constant-gain controller provided more than a factor of two increase in the modal damping with a feedback voltage limit of 200 V rms. With the same voltage limit, the constant-amplitude controller achieved the same damping as the constant-gain controller for large vibrations, but increased the modal loss factor by more than an order of magnitude to at least 0.040 for small vibration levels.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of actuators is independent of the size of the structure and evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure.
Abstract: This work presents the analytic and experimental development of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures, i.e., structures with highly distributed actuators, sensors, and processing networks. Static and dynamic analytic models are derived for segmented piezoelectric actuators that are either bonded to an elastic substructure or embedded in a laminated composite. These models lead to the ability to predict, a priori, the response of the structural member to a command voltage applied to the piezoelectric and give guidance as to the optimal location for actuator placement. A scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of piezoelectric actuators is independent of the size of the structure and to evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure. Three test specimens of cantilevered beams were constructed: an aluminum beam with surface-bonded actuators, a glass/epoxy beam with embedded actuators, and a graphite/epoxy beam with embedded actuators. The actuators were used to excite steady-state resonant vibrations in the cantilevered beams. The response of the specimens compared well with those predicted by the analytic models. Static tensile tests performed on glass/epoxy laminates indicated that the embedded actuator reduced the ultimate strength of the laminate by 20%, while not significantly affecting the global elastic modulus of the specimen.

2,719 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a concise point of departure for researchers and practitioners alike wishing to assess the current state of the art in the control and monitoring of civil engineering structures, and provide a link between structural control and other fields of control theory.
Abstract: This tutorial/survey paper: (1) provides a concise point of departure for researchers and practitioners alike wishing to assess the current state of the art in the control and monitoring of civil engineering structures; and (2) provides a link between structural control and other fields of control theory, pointing out both differences and similarities, and points out where future research and application efforts are likely to prove fruitful. The paper consists of the following sections: section 1 is an introduction; section 2 deals with passive energy dissipation; section 3 deals with active control; section 4 deals with hybrid and semiactive control systems; section 5 discusses sensors for structural control; section 6 deals with smart material systems; section 7 deals with health monitoring and damage detection; and section 8 deals with research needs. An extensive list of references is provided in the references section.

1,883 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility of dissipating mechanical energy with piezoelectric material shunted with passive electrical circuits, and derived the effective mechanical impedance for the piezolectric element shunted by an arbitrary circuit.

1,685 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique has been developed which allows a single piece of piezoelec tric material to concurrently sense and actuate in a closed-loop system.
Abstract: A technique has been developed which allows a single piece of piezoelec tric material to concurrently sense and actuate in a closed loop system. The motivation behind the technique is that such a s...

824 citations


Cites background from "Distributed Piezoelectric-Polymer A..."

  • ...Equation (1) states that the strain in the piezoelectric material is proportional to both the applied stress (equivalent to the inverse of Hook’s law) and the applied electric field (the con-...

    [...]

  • ...Equations (3) and (4) are physically equivalent to Equations (1) and (2) but note that in Equation (4) the permittivity is measured at constant strain and in Equation (2) the permittivity is measured at constant stress....

    [...]

  • ...Using the compact notation Equations (1-4) reduce to’:...

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Mark J. Balas1
TL;DR: In this paper, a feedback controller is developed for a finite number of modes of the flexible system and the controllability and observability conditions necessary for successful operation are displayed, and the combined effect of control and observation spillover is shown to lead to potential instabilities in the closed-loop system.
Abstract: Feedback control is developed for the class of flexible systents described by the generalized wave equation with damping. The control force distribution is provided by a number of point force actuators and the system displacements and/or their velocities are measured at various points. A feedback controller is developed for a finite number of modes of the flexible system and the controllability and observability conditions necessary for successful operation are displayed. The control and observation spillover due to the residual (uncontrolled) modes is examined and the combined effect of control and observation spillover is shown to lead to potential instabilities in the closed-loop system. Some remedies for spillover, including a straightforward phase-locked loop prefilter, are suggested to remove the instability mechanism. The concepts of this paper are illustrated by some numerical studies on the feedback control of a simply-supported Euler-Bernoulli beam with a single actuator and sensor.

792 citations

Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A Zener diode, a voltage dropping resistor, and a first transistor are connected in series across a primary d-c source to form a regulation circuit.
Abstract: A Zener diode, a voltage dropping resistor, and a first transistor are connected in series across a primary d-c source. The emitter-collector junction is in the series path of the diode and resistor. A second transistor has one side of its emitter-collector junction connected to the junction of the Zener diode and resistor, and the other side connected both to the base of the first transistor and to one side of the load. The other side of the load is connected to one side of said source. A control signal applied to the base of the second transistor turns the transistor on or off. When the second transistor is turned off, the first transistor is turned on and the voltage dropping resistor is in the circuit. When the second transistor is on, the first transistor is turned off and the load replaces the voltage dropping resistor in the regulation circuit.

124 citations