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Journal ArticleDOI

Distribution, compositional pattern and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of an industrial city, Lanzhou, China.

TL;DR: The results suggested that human exposure to those soils which polluted by high concentrations of PAHs through direct ingestion or inhalation of suspended soil particles probably poses a significant risk to human health from the carcinogenic effects ofPAHs.
About: This article is published in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.The article was published on 2016-04-01. It has received 85 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Fluoranthene & Soil contamination.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jul 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the recent literature describing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, water, soil and sediment, waste sludge, biomonitoring, toxicity, etc.
Abstract: The recent literature describing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, water, soil and sediment, waste sludge, biomonitoring, toxicity, are reviewed. Aspects of sampling, sample preparati...

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) analysis demonstrates that ILCR in the soil and ambient air in China is below the acceptable cancer risk level of 10-6 recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which mean that there is a low potential PAHs carcinogenic risk for the soil in China.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is essential to manage the health risks of PAH-contaminated agricultural soils in the vicinity of typical industries in megacities, as exposure frequency has the greatest impact on the total risk uncertainty.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How urban and industrial sprawl has affected the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in the soils of two towns with different levels of urbanisation and industrial development is examined.

71 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed that concentrations of these metals in the dust are higher than the background value of local soil, with Cu having the highest levels, while the comprehensive pollution index showed that urban dust poses a high potential ecological risk in Lanzhou.
Abstract: This study investigated the content, distribution, and contamination levels of toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in street dust in Lanzhou, an industrial city in Northwest China. Meanwhile, the risk these metals posed to the urban ecosystem and human health was also evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and human exposure model. Results showed that concentrations of these metals in the dust are higher than the background value of local soil, with Cu having the highest levels. The districts of Anning and Xigu had the most extreme levels of contamination, while Chengguan and Qilihe districts were lightly contaminated, which can be partly attributed to human activities and traffic densities. In comparison with the concentrations of selected metals in other cities, the concentrations of heavy metals in Lanzhou were generally at moderate or low levels. Heavy metal concentration increased with decreasing dust particle size. The pollution indices of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were in the range of 0.289–2.09, 0.332–2.15, 1.38–6.21, 0.358–2.59, and 0.560–1.83 with a mean of 1.37, 1.49, 3.18, 1.48, and 0.897, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (I geo) suggested that Zn in street dust was of geologic origin, while Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu were significantly impacted by anthropogenic sources. The comprehensive pollution index showed that urban dust poses a high potential ecological risk in Lanzhou. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects due to exposure to urban street dust were assessed for both children and adults. For non-carcinogenic effects, ingestion appeared to be the main route of exposure to dust particles and thus posed a higher health risk to both children and adults for all metals, followed by dermal contact. Hazard index values for all studied metals were lower than the safe level of 1, and Cr exhibited the highest risk value (0.249) for children, suggesting that the overall risk from exposure to multiple metals in dust is low. The carcinogenic risk for Cd and Cr was all below the acceptable level (< 10−6).

64 citations


Cites background from "Distribution, compositional pattern..."

  • ...Our earlier study has shown that Lanzhou’s streets and soil are heavily polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Jiang et al. 2014, 2016)....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, parent and alkyl PAHs were quantified in suspended particulates and sediments (345 samples) from the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, and the best potential to distinguish natural and anthropogenic sources is exhibited by ratios of the principal mass 178, 202, 228 and 276 parent PAH, 1,7/2,6+1,7-DMP (dimethylphenanthrene), the phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene alkyal PAH series and several less commonly applied PA

3,527 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper evaluates several approaches to allow the relative potency of the different PAHs to be considered in a site-specific risk assessment and presents a modified version that it feels more accurately reflects the state of knowledge on the Relative potency of these compounds.

2,339 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors search for conservative marker compounds suitable for tracing the presence of vehicular particulate exhaust emissions in the urban atmosphere, compile quantitative source profiles, and study the contributions of fine organic particulate vehicular exhaust to the Los Angeles atmosphere.
Abstract: Gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles are known to contribute appreciable amounts of inhalable fine particulate matter to the atmosphere in urban areas. Internal combustion engines burning gasoline and diesel fuel contribute more than 21% of the primary fine particulate organic carbon emitted to the Los Angeles atmosphere. In the present study, particulate (d[sub p] [le] 2 [mu]m) exhaust emissions from six noncatalyst automobiles, seven catalyst-equipped automobiles, and two heavy-duty diesel trucks are examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The purposes of this study are as follows: (a) to search for conservative marker compounds suitable for tracing the presence of vehicular particulate exhaust emissions in the urban atmosphere, (b) to compile quantitative source profiles, and (c) to study the contributions of fine organic particulate vehicular exhaust to the Los Angeles atmosphere. More than 100 organic compounds are quantified, including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzaldehydes, PAH, oxy-PAH, steranes, pentacyclic triterpanes, azanaphthalenes, and others. Although fossil fuel markers such as steranes and pentacyclic triterpanes can be emitted from other sources, it can be shown that their ambient concentrations measured in the Los Angeles atmosphere are attributable mainly to vehicular exhaust emissions. 102 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs.

1,343 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a modified high-volume sampling method (PS-1 sampler) was employed to collect airborne polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both the particulate and gas phases.

1,218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sources of PAHs to ambient air in Baltimore, MD, were determined by using three source apportionment methods, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization.
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in urban atmospheres. Several PAHs are known carcinogens or are the precursors to carcinogenic daughter compounds. Understanding the contributions of the various emission sources is critical to appropriately managing PAH levels in the environment. The sources of PAHs to ambient air in Baltimore, MD, were determined by using three source apportionment methods, principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, UNMIX, and positive matrix factorization. Determining the source apportionment through multiple techniques mitigates weaknesses in individual methods and strengthens the overlapping conclusions. Overall source contributions compare well among methods. Vehicles, both diesel and gasoline, contribute on average 16−26%, coal 28−36%, oil 15−23%, and wood/other having the greatest disparity of 23−35% of the total (gas- plus particle-phase) PAHs. Seasonal trends were found for both coal and oil. Coal was the dominate PAH source dur...

1,110 citations