Distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction
TL;DR: In this paper, a scheme that utilizes feeder reconfiguration as a planning and/or real-time control tool to restructure the primary feeder for loss reduction is presented.
Abstract: Feeder reconfiguration is defined as altering the topological structures of distribution feeders by changing the open/closed states of the sectionalizing and tie switches. A scheme is presented that utilizes feeder reconfiguration as a planning and/or real-time control tool to restructure the primary feeder for loss reduction. The mathematical foundation of the scheme is given. The solution is illustrated on simple examples. >
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TL;DR: Accuracy analysis and the test results show that estimation methods can be used in searches to reconfigure a given system even if the system is not well compensated and reconfiguring involves load transfer between different substations.
Abstract: A general formulation of the feeder reconfiguration problem for loss reduction and load balancing is given, and a novel solution method is presented. The solution uses a search over different radial configurations created by considering switchings of the branch exchange type. To guide the search, two different power flow approximation methods with varying degrees of accuracy have been developed and tested. The methods are used to calculate the new power flow in the system after a branch exchange and they make use of the power flow equations developed for radial distribution systems. Both accuracy analysis and the test results show that estimation methods can be used in searches to reconfigure a given system even if the system is not well compensated and reconfiguring involves load transfer between different substations. For load balancing, a load balance index is defined and it is shown that the search and power flow estimation methods developed for power loss reduction can also be used for load balancing since the two problems are similar. >
3,985 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a heuristic method for the reconfiguration of distribution networks in order to reduce their resistive line losses under normal operating conditions, characterized by convergence to the optimum or a near-optimum solution and the independence of the final solution from the initial status of the network switches.
Abstract: The authors describe a heuristic method for the reconfiguration of distribution networks in order to reduce their resistive line losses under normal operating conditions. The proposed approach is characterized by convergence to the optimum or a near-optimum solution and the independence of the final solution from the initial status of the network switches. The methodology has been implemented in a production-grade computer program, DISTOP (Distribution Network Optimization). The compensation-based power flow technique developed at Pacific Gas and Electric Company for the efficient solution of weakly meshed distribution networks is an essential part of this loss reduction methodology. Important implementation aspects of the methodology and the results of its application to several realistic distribution networks are presented. Numerous test results have indicated that the proposed technique is computationally robust and efficient and, hence, suitable for both planning and operations studies. >
918 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta heuristic Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is used to simultaneously reconfigure and identify the optimal locations for installation of DG units in a distribution network.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method to solve the network reconfiguration problem in the presence of distributed generation (DG) with an objective of minimizing real power loss and improving voltage profile in distribution system. A meta heuristic Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is used to simultaneously reconfigure and identify the optimal locations for installation of DG units in a distribution network. Sensitivity analysis is used to identify optimal location s for installation of DG units. Different scenarios of DG placement and reconfiguration of network are considered to study the performance of the proposed method. The constraints of voltage and branch current carrying capacity are included in the evaluation of the objective function. The method has been tested on 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems at three different load levels to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results obtained are encouraging.
852 citations
Cites methods from "Distribution feeder reconfiguration..."
...[3] suggested a heuristic algorithm, where a simple formula was developed to determine change in power loss due to a branch exchange....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the loss minimum reconfiguration problem in the open loop radial distribution system is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem and a detailed solution methodology by the use of genetic algorithm is outlined.
Abstract: The loss minimum reconfiguration problem in the open loop radial distribution system is basically one of complex combinatorial optimization, since the normal open sectionalizing switches must be determined appropriately. The genetic algorithm was successfully applied to the loss minimum reconfiguration problem. In the proposed algorithm, strings consist of sectionalizing switch status or radial configurations, and the fitness function consists of the total system losses and penalty value of voltage drop and current capacity violations. The loss minimum reconfiguration problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. The essential components of the genetic algorithm are briefly described. A detailed solution methodology by the use of genetic algorithm is outlined. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. >
700 citations
TL;DR: An improved analytical (IA) method based on IA expressions to calculate the optimal size of four different DG types and a methodology to identify the best location for DG allocation is proposed, and a technique to get the optimal power factor is presented for DG capable of delivering real and reactive power.
Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of multiple distributed generator (DG units) placement to achieve a high loss reduction in large-scale primary distribution networks. An improved analytical (IA) method is proposed in this paper. This method is based on IA expressions to calculate the optimal size of four different DG types and a methodology to identify the best location for DG allocation. A technique to get the optimal power factor is presented for DG capable of delivering real and reactive power. Moreover, loss sensitivity factor (LSF) and exhaustive load flow (ELF) methods are also introduced. IA method was tested and validated on three distribution test systems with varying sizes and complexity. Results show that IA method is effective as compared with LSF and ELF solutions. Some interesting results are also discussed in this paper.
689 citations
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an algorithm and presented computer results for minimizing the losses in a loop distribution system based on the remote operation of sectionalizing switches on feeders interconnecting different substations.
Abstract: This paper addresses a subproblem related to distribution automation. It outlines an algorithm and presents computer results for minimizing the losses in a loop distribution system based on the remote operation of sectionalizing switches on feeders interconnecting different substations. The minimization is carried out subject to the voltage-drop, line-capacity and substation-capacity constraints. Computational experience with a system of realistic size indicates that the procedure proposed here is valid and effective in practical operations.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an automated remote control of distribution feeder deployment and sectionalizing to improve service restoration time to unfaulted feeder sections and for transferring load between feeders is described.
Abstract: Increasing effort is being focused on automated remote control of distribution feeder deployment and sectionalizing to improve service restoration time to unfaulted feeder sections and for transferring load between feeders. Digital processor algorithms which determine fault location and generate switching instructions automatically based on tree searching techniques utilizing switch tables that can be readily defined by an operator are described. Simulation results for fault location, fault isolation, and service restoration, including balancing between feeders using an illustrative simplified feeder configuration are shown.
92 citations
TL;DR: The justifications that are being proposed for distribution automation and control (DAC) and some new computerized tools for evaluating the merits of DAC are discussed.
Abstract: The next decade is likely to be a period of numerous applications of computer and communication technologies to power distribution systems. This paper discusses the justifications that are being proposed for distribution automation and control (DAC) and some new computerized tools for evaluating the merits of DAC.
50 citations
TL;DR: This report documents the specifics of the design of the Integrated Distribution Control System (IDCS) and identifies its capabilities.
Abstract: The Athens Automation and Control Experiment, (AACE) F is a major test of automation techniques for electric distribution systems to quantify the benefits and to correlate these capabilities and benefits with bulk power system operations. A key element in the experiment is the design of the hardware/software: associated. with the computer, communications, and control system which constitute the automation system. This configuration is referred to as the Integrated Distribution Control System (IDCS) since it combines the attributes of supervisory control and data acquisition, distribution automation, and load control. The IDCS weaves these classical entities into a unified system for the purpose of managing electric distribution operations and linking distribution control actions to the bulk operations. This report documents the specifics of the design of the IDCS and identifies its capabilities.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a real-time control algorithm for real-world distribution system configurations that allows realtime control of substation transformers and looped, sectionalized primary circuits using software controlled loadinterrupting switches.
Abstract: The increase in distribution voltages to economically serve continually growing load densities has underscored the need for cost effective, improved reliability levels. Recently, powerful microprocessors and minicomputers have given distribuution system engineers new tools that are making many distribution automation concepts attainable. Among these are control algorithms which allow real-time control of distribution system configurations. Normal loadings of substation transformers and of looped, sectionalized primary circuits can be economically increased by the judicious use of distribution automation which has the ability, through software controlled load-interrupting switches, to rapidly reconfigure the system to relieve abnormal loads imposed as a result of rearrangement to isolate a faulted component.
12 citations