Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury
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Additional excerpts
...Assuming the rainwater mercury concentration of 25-60 ng/1 to be representative for the continental areas of Northern Hemisphere and 8-11 ng/1 for all other regions, and using the precipitation distribution given by Baumgartner and Reichel (1975) , the annual mercury flux accounts for 5-8 x 109 g Hg/yr which agrees reasonably well with the emission figures....
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487 citations
"Distribution, speciation, and budge..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The anthropogenic contribution is reported to account for 4 to 50% of the total mercury emissions (Andren and Nriagu, 1979; Garrels et al., 1975 ; Kothny, 1973; Lantzy and Mackenzie, 1979; Lockeretz, 1974; McNeal and Rose, 1974; Weiss et al., 1971)....
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...Weathering of rocks, degassing of soil, volcanic emissions (McNeal and Rose, 1974), and emissions from the oceans ( Lantzy and Mackenzie, 1979 ) were identified as natural sources of atmospheric mercury....
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...From the mercury content of ice cores and the mercury cycle model by Lantzy and Mackenzie (1979) , Millward (1982) derived rates of increase of 3.5 and 8.6%/yr for mercury emissions from continents to the atmosphere....
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...Similar discrepancies are found for the estimates of a total mercury flux into the atmosphere which vary between 2.3 and 190 x 109 g Hg/yr (Andren and Nriagu, 1979; Garrels et al., 1975; Jaworowski et al., 1981; Kothny, 1973; Lantzy and Mackenzie, 1979; McNeal and Rose, 1974; Slemr et al., 1981; Weiss et al., 1971)....
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...More recent estimates tend towards lower numbers of between 0.8 and 5 x 109 g Hg (Andren and Nriagu, 1979; Lantzy and Mackenzie, 1979; Slemr et al., 1981)....
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413 citations
"Distribution, speciation, and budge..." refers background in this paper
...Since the total amount of 'reactive' mercury is dependent on the duration of sample storage (Matsunaga et al., 1979), a comparison and assessment of the rainwater data compiled by Galloway et al. (1982) is difficult....
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353 citations
"Distribution, speciation, and budge..." refers background or result in this paper
... Fitzgerald and Gill (1979) observed particulate mercury to be 1% of the TGM in clean marine air at Pigeon Key, Florida, and about 3.6% in an urban area....
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...Similar to our observations, elevated TGM concentrations were also found by Thrane (1978), Fitzgerald and Gill (1979) , Windom and Taylor (1979) and Schroeder (1981)....
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315 citations
"Distribution, speciation, and budge..." refers methods in this paper
...The AES detector was equipped with a Beenakker cavity ( Beenakker, 1976 ) operated with helium as a carrier gas instead of argon which was used in the TGM determinations....
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