Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoya, Dischidia and Phorophytes (Host Trees) in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve, East Java, Indonesia
15 Aug 2020-Vol. 5, Iss: 2, pp 78-88
TL;DR: The results showed that Zone 3 as an area of 1/3 basal part of a total length of the branches was the most preferred zone by epiphytic orchids and hoya and Taeniophyllum biocellatum as an endemic orchid from Java that was found on this island.
Abstract: Bawean Island is a small island located between two islands (Java and Borneo). Geographically, the diversity of plants, especially epiphytic plants on this island is very interesting to be studied. This research aims to investigate the diversity of epiphytic plants, focussing on epiphytic orchids, Hoya and Dischidia in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve. It was conducted through an inventory of epiphytic orchids and hoya growing on host trees. The results showed there were 10 species of epiphytic orchid and 3 species of epiphytic Hoya, and 1 species of Dischidia growing on-location studies. The epiphytic orchids which found in location studies included Phalaenopsis amabilis, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium anosmum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Liparis condylobulbon, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, Cymbidium sp., Eria sp. Orchid species that most often found in the study location was Phalaenopsis amabilis . In addition, this study recorded Taeniophyllum biocellatum as an endemic orchid from Java that was found on this island. The epiphytic Hoya recorded in there, i.e. Hoya diversifolia, H. verticillata, and H. amoena , and also only found 1 species of Dischidia was Dischidia imbricata . There were 12 species of trees as the host trees of epiphytic, i.e. Irvingia malayana, Tectona grandis, Diospyros buxyfolius were the host trees frequently found as the host of the epiphytic plant. Zone 3 as an area of 1/3 basal part of a total length of the branches was the most preferred zone by epiphytic orchids and hoya. The epiphytic orchid and hoya hardly found in Zone 5.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that effective conservation of epiphyte diversity in the Nepal Himalaya requires conservation of old-growth host trees through community approaches and if large and old tree stands are maintained, community managed forests can host high diversity of vascularEpiphytes and provide ecosystem goods to local people alike.
6 citations
31 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted an exploratory study to inventory forest orchid species in Batuputih Nature Park, Bitung City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Abstract: Orchid is the largest family that occupies 7-10% of flowering plants and has around 20,000 to 35,000 species. In Sulawesi, according to experts there are around 5000 species of plants that are not known with certainty about their spread and abundance. It has been estimated that approximately 253 endemic orchid species, around 80% of the total number of orchids. In the life stage, tropical orchid plants are epiphytic, with the root system attached to the tree, but does not harm the host tree. There are also those that grow geofitis, with other terms terresterial means to grow on the ground with roots in the soil. There are also those that are saprophytic, grow on the media of dried leaves and weathered wood that has rot into humus. To inventory forest species in Batuputih Nature Park, Bitung City, North Sulawesi. The study was conducted in January - February 2018. Data collection was carried out by exploratory methods. The types of orchids that were found during exploration in TWA Batuputih, which are sorted by the type most found on the three transects: namely Dendrodium sp with a total of 12 points at a height of 40-200 masl, Phaleonopsis amabilis with a height of 52 - 102 masl as many as 3 points while, Dendrodium indivisum with a number of 1 point, which is at an altitude of 136 masl, Nervilia aragoana as many as 10 points with an altitude of 10-84 masl, and Nervilia plicata found only 1 point, at an altitude of 52 masl. Of the five types consisted of 3 genera, namely Dendrodium, Phaleonopsis , and Nervilia , and 2 types of ( habitat s) terrestrial and epiphytes. Keywords: orchid, type and habitat of forest orchids
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the diversity and abundance of orchid species and determined the environmental condition of Gebugan Nature Reserve, where they found that the environmental conditions were suitable for orchid.
Abstract: Orchid is a plant with a high aesthetic value.The existence of orchids directly by the community from their natural habitat, causing the existence of orchid in nature was threatened. The potential of orchid diversity in the Gebugan Nature Reserve area needs exploration to maintain its sustainability. This research would explore the diversity and abundance of orchid species and determined the environmental conditionof Gebugan Nature Reserve. The study was done on 2 stations with al- titude difference are 900 m asl and 1045 m asl. Five plots of 10 m x 10 m were systematically constructed at each station with a distance of plots 50 meters. Spe- cies of orchids found in the Gebugan Nature Reserve were 12 species, including 11 species of epiphytic orchids and 1 species of terrestrial orchids. The abundance of individual orchid species was relatively higher in places with higher altitudes. Micropera sp was the most abundant orchid species and Corymborkis veratrifolia was the species of orchid with the lowest abundance. It is found that the environmental conditions of Gebugan Nature Reserve are suitable for orchid. The novelty of the research is providing a new data base of orchid in the Gebugan Nature Reserve. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing strategy of genetic conserva- tion of orchird germplasm.
3 citations
12 Jun 2019
TL;DR: Identification of host trees and identification of epiphytic orchids need to support sustainable development as an effort to conserve epipHYtic or chids.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop a technique for sustainable development of epiphytic orchid conservation, identify the types of epiphytic orchid host trees and identify the types of epiphytic orchids along the Trisula waterfall ( Coban Trisula) to Ranu Pani. This research was conducted in October 2018 - April 2019 in Trisula waterfall ( Coban Trisula) to Ranu Pani. A floristic survey with 9.3-miles exploration in Trisula waterfall ( Coban Trisula) to Ranu Pani. Observation of host trees was carried out by observing individual morphological characteristics and referring to the Orchids of Java literature. It is important for the reforestation of potential trees that can be used as hosts by epiphytic orchids and the limitation of the function shifting of land as settlements, agriculture, plantations so, the forest area is wider and the epiphytic orchids are increasingly preserved. Identification of host trees and identification of epiphytic orchids need to support sustainable development as an effort to conserve epiphytic orchids. The types of host trees, they are: Kukrup ( Engelhardtia spicata ), Cemara gunung ( Casuarina junghuhniana ), Anggrung ( Trema orientalis ), Dadap putih ( Acer laurinum ), Trete ( Celtis sp.), Bangkongan ( Turpinia spaenocarpa ), Suren ( Toona sureni ), Pamoung (Macropanax dispermus), Pasang (Lithocarpus sundaicus), Tutup ( Mallotus paniculatus ), Genitri ( Elaeocarpus ganitri ) and Astronia spectabilis. The types of epiphytic orchids found are Eria moluccana, Schoenorchis juncifolia, Vanda limbate, Agrostophyllum sp ., Appendicula sp ., Bulbophyllum macrantum, Bulbophyllum miniatum, Bulbophyllum obtusipetalum, Bulbophyllum sp. I , Coelogyne miniata, Dendrobium linearifolium, Dendrobium hasseltii, Dendrobium sanguinolentum, Dendrochilum sp ., Eria bogoriensis, Eria hyacinthoides, Eria longifolia, Flickingeria aureiloba, Liparis parviflora, Thrixspermum subulatum, Tuberolabium odoratisimum, Vanda tricolor
1 citations
15 May 2019
1 citations
References
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28 Oct 2016
72 citations
TL;DR: It is found that some hosts are more likely to harbour orchid species, especially native host species, which should be considered in urban planning to reduce human impact on the associated orchid epiphytic community.
Abstract: We studied the influence of site conditions on epiphytic orchids under a subtropical climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. We analysed 96 systematically distributed grid points situated in Kathmandu Valley across a land-use intensity gradient (national park to urbanised city area). Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing were used for classification of land-use types. We identified 23 species of epiphytic orchids, within 13 genera, from 42 different host tree species. Host preference is obvious for some orchid species (e.g., Dendrobium nobile), with certain tree species (e.g., Schima wallichii, Ficus religiosa) hosting more orchid species than others. The orchid Rhynchostylis retusa was the most common species found on many different host tree species across the land-use intensity gradient. Host species and host bark characteristics (e.g., rugosity, pH and exposure to wind) played a vital role for orchid distribution, with lower abundance in areas of higher impact. Under strong human impact (urban city area), F. religiosa was the dominant host tree, with large individual trees (mean diameter in breast height, dbh = 1.3 m) providing the habitat for considerable populations of R. retusa individuals. In general, epiphytic orchids were found on larger host trees in urban areas than in areas of lower human impact. We found that some hosts are more likely to harbour orchid species, especially native host species. Older larger trees with rougher bark, low pH, exposed to wind and reduced human impact provided better habitats for orchids. We suggest these characteristics should be considered in urban planning to reduce human impact on the associated orchid epiphytic community.
52 citations
"Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoy..." refers result in this paper
...The results of the present study were similar to other studies which showed that the number of phorophyte species hosting epiphytic orchids varied from a single to multiple phorophyte species (Nurfadilah, 2016; Adhikari et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: The most abundant species, Encyclia nematocaulon, had a great capacity to occupy different strata in both forests, even in tree tops with very large micro-environmental fluctuations during the year.
44 citations
"Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoy..." refers background in this paper
...…epiphyte abundance was higher in zone 3-5 (tree crown) than in zone 1-2 (along the trunk) due to enter light intensity nearby the tree crown (Nurfadilah, 2016; Manzano et al., 2014), but in Bawean Island forest, the abundance of epiphytic orchid is the least on zone 5 compare to other zones....
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TL;DR: A species distribution model is developed for teak across its entire native distribution in tropical Asia, and its non-native distribution in Bangladesh to discuss the implications for the conservation of critical teak habitats, forest management planning, and risks of biological invasion that may occur due to its cultivation in non- native ranges.
Abstract: Modelling the future suitable climate space for tree species has become a widely used tool for forest management planning under global climate change. Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most valuable tropical hardwood species in the international timber market, and natural teak forests are distributed from India through Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. The extents of teak forests are shrinking due to deforestation and the local impacts of global climate change. However, the direct impacts of climate changes on the continental-scale distributions of native and non-native teak have not been examined. In this study, we developed a species distribution model for teak across its entire native distribution in tropical Asia, and its non-native distribution in Bangladesh. We used presence-only records of trees and twelve environmental variables that were most representative for current teak distributions in South and Southeast Asia. MaxEnt (maximum entropy) models were used to model the distributions of teak under current and future climate scenarios. We found that land use/land cover change and elevation were the two most important variables explaining the current and future distributions of native and non-native teak in tropical Asia. Changes in annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and annual mean actual evapotranspiration may result in shifts in the distributions of teak across tropical Asia. We discuss the implications for the conservation of critical teak habitats, forest management planning, and risks of biological invasion that may occur due to its cultivation in non-native ranges.
38 citations