DNMT and HDAC inhibitors induce cryptic transcription start sites encoded in long terminal repeats.
David Brocks,Christopher R. Schmidt,Michael Daskalakis,Hyo Sik Jang,Nakul M. Shah,Daofeng Li,Jing Li,Bo Zhang,Yiran Hou,Sara Laudato,Daniel B. Lipka,Johanna Schott,Holger Bierhoff,Holger Bierhoff,Holger Bierhoff,Yassen Assenov,Monika Helf,Alzbeta Ressnerova,Saiful Islam,Anders Lindroth,Simon Haas,Marieke A.G. Essers,Charles D. Imbusch,Benedikt Brors,Ina Oehme,Olaf Witt,Michael Lübbert,Jan-Philipp Mallm,Karsten Rippe,Rainer Will,Dieter Weichenhan,Georg Stoecklin,Clarissa Gerhäuser,Christopher C. Oakes,Ting Wang,Christoph Plass +35 more
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TLDR
By mapping global transcription start site (TSS) and chromatin dynamics, this work observed the cryptic transcription of thousands of treatment-induced non-annotated TSSs (TINATs) following DNMTi and HDACi treatment.Abstract:
Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors (DNMTi and HDACi), primarily based on candidate-gene approaches. However, less is known about their genome-wide transcriptional and epigenomic consequences. By mapping global transcription start site (TSS) and chromatin dynamics, we observed the cryptic transcription of thousands of treatment-induced non-annotated TSSs (TINATs) following DNMTi and HDACi treatment. The resulting transcripts frequently splice into protein-coding exons and encode truncated or chimeric ORFs translated into products with predicted abnormal or immunogenic functions. TINAT transcription after DNMTi treatment coincided with DNA hypomethylation and gain of classical promoter histone marks, while HDACi specifically induced a subset of TINATs in association with H2AK9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K23ac. Despite this mechanistic difference, both inhibitors convergently induced transcription from identical sites, as we found TINATs to be encoded in solitary long terminal repeats of the ERV9/LTR12 family, which are epigenetically repressed in virtually all normal cells.read more
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Cold Tumors: A Therapeutic Challenge for Immunotherapy.
Paola Bonaventura,Tala Shekarian,Vincent Alcazer,Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond,Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann,Sebastian Amigorena,Christophe Caux,Stéphane Depil,Stéphane Depil +8 more
TL;DR: The determination of the main factors implicated in the lack of preexisting tumor T cell infiltration is crucial for the development of adapted algorithms of treatments for cold tumors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles of DNA methylation and their implications for biology and medicine.
Yuval Dor,Howard Cedar +1 more
TL;DR: Taking advantage of tissue-specific differences, methylation can be used to detect cell death and thereby monitor many common diseases with a simple cell-free circulating-DNA blood test.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic therapy in immune-oncology.
Peter A. Jones,Hitoshi Ohtani,Ankur Chakravarthy,Daniel D. De Carvalho,Daniel D. De Carvalho +4 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that epigenetic therapies can induce the expression of endogenous retroviruses and cancer–testis antigens normally silenced by DNA methylation in most somatic cells, leading to an innate immune response in cancer cells, and implications for combination therapy with epigenetic drugs and immunotherapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of transposable elements by DNA modifications
TL;DR: Current evidence implicating DNA modifications and DNA-modifying enzymes in TE regulation across different species is discussed, and DNA methylation dynamics play a central role in the multilayered epigenetic mechanisms regulating TEs.
Book ChapterDOI
Epigenetics in Health and Disease.
TL;DR: With the development of drugs that target the specific epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression, development and utilization of epigenetic tools are an appropriate and effective approach that can be clinically applied to the treatment of various diseases.
References
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential expression analysis for sequence count data.
Simon Anders,Wolfgang Huber +1 more
TL;DR: A method based on the negative binomial distribution, with variance and mean linked by local regression, is proposed and an implementation, DESeq, as an R/Bioconductor package is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements
TL;DR: Tests showed that HISAT is the fastest system currently available, with equal or better accuracy than any other method, and requires only 4.3 gigabytes of memory.
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