Does outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) affect the home country’s environmental quality? The case of China
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted an empirical study on the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on domestic carbon dioxide emissions in 29 provinces in China from 2003 to 2016.
About: This article is published in Structural Change and Economic Dynamics.The article was published on 2020-03-01. It has received 152 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Environmental pollution & Domestic technology.
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TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between energy consumption, environmental regulation and carbon emissions is quantitatively examined after taking full control of spatial effects and potential endogeneity, and a newly developed dynamic threshold panel model that incorporates the characteristics of generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to explore how energy consumption affects carbon emissions under different environmental regulations.
183 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors found evidence of a comprehensive relationship among urbanization development, the industrial structure, and environmental pollution, and they found that urbanization increasingly promotes environmental pollution with an increase in the proportion of secondary industries.
138 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed how international technology spillovers affect China's carbon emissions at different IPP levels and showed that trade, FDI, and OFDI increase regional carbon emissions and that trade has the greatest effect on carbon emissions' growth.
126 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the effect and mechanism of internet development on China's haze pollution on the basis of provincial panel data in China from 2006 to 2017, and the results indicated that there is an inverted “U” curve between internet development and haze pollution in China.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a spatial econometric model was employed to explore the relationship and the transmission mechanism between technological innovation and the green economy efficiency (GEE) from the perspectives of natural resources and urbanization.
Abstract: Clarifying the relationship and mechanism between technological innovation and the green economy efficiency (GEE) will improve the growth of the urban green economy for emerging economies. In the case of 278 Chinese prefecture cities, the data envelopment analysis game cross-efficiency model was used to measure the GEE between 2003 and 2017. In addition, the spatial econometric model was employed to explore the relationship and the transmission mechanism between technological innovation and the GEE from the perspectives of natural resources and urbanization. The heterogeneity of urban development was also brought into the analysis. The main results are as follows. (1) The GEE had positive spatial correlations. (2) Nationally, the intensive effect of technological innovation was significant and could considerably improve the GEE. (3) Due to the heterogeneity of urban development, there were large differences in the relationships and mechanisms between technological innovation and the GEE. Accordingly, that “unilateral” green economy construction efforts may not achieve ideal results. Therefore, neighboring cities should actively create green economy city cluster to achieve regionally common development. The eastern local governments could accelerate the transformation of the urban economy and promote the upgrading of green standards in industry through technological innovation. It is important for the central city governments to guide researchers to change the focus of their research, whereas the western region relies on attracting researchers to realize green economic development. Our results not only contribute to advancing the existing literature, but also are of considerable interest to policy makers and urban planners in emerging economies.
116 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a cross section of steel industry statistics and highlight the co operation of members and non members in supplying the information included in this publication, further details of the statistical sources used are given in the annex p 119.
Abstract: e china iworldsteel org worldsteel org preface this yearbook presents a cross section of steel industry statistics the co operation of members and non members in supplying the information included in this publication is gratefully acknowledged further details of the statistical sources used are given in the annex p 119, i china statistical yearbook 2018 is an annual statistical publication which reflects comprehensively the economic and social development of china it covers data for 2017 and key statistical data in recent years and some historically important years at the national level and the local levels of province autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government ii, the content of the statistical yearbook is oriented to serve a general readership the yearbook endeavours to provide information for various bodies of the united nations system as well as for other international organizations governments and non governmental organizations national statistical economic and social policy bodies scientific and educational institutions libraries and the public, summary china statistical yearbook 2011 is an annual statistical publication which covers data of 2010 and key statistical data in the most recent thirty years and some historically important years at the national level and the local levels of province autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government, in terms of demography education and health asean statistics also demonstrate the interconnectedness of the region in trade foreign direct investment and tourism among others every year the asean statistical yearbook asyb provides the regions latest statistical information on these social and economic indicators containing, china statistics amp facts the peoples republic of china prc is located in east asia governed by the communist party in the capital of beijing it has jurisdiction over 22 provinces five, 12 summary of key statistics category general survey region hong kong collected time 1
8,588 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between per capita income and various environmental indicators and found no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth, rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement.
Abstract: We examine the reduced-form relationship between per capita income and various environmental indicators. Our study covers four types of indicators: urban air pollution, the state of the oxygen regime in river basins, fecal contamination of ri'ver basins, and contamination of river basins by heavy metals. We find no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth. Rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement. The turning points for the different pollutants vary, but in most cases they come before a country reaches a per capita income of $8000. I. INTRODUCTION Will continued economic growth bring ever greater harm to the earth's environment? Or do increases in income and wealth sow the seeds for the amelioration of ecological problems? The answers to these questions are critical for the design of appropriate development strategies for lesser developed countries. Exhaustible and renewable natural resources serve as inputs into the production of many goods and services. If the composition of output and the methods of production were immutable, then damage to the environment would be inextricably linked to the scale of global economic activity. But substantial evidence suggests that development gives rise to a structural transformation in what an economy produces (see Syrquin [1989]). And societies have shown remarkable ingenuity in harnessing new technologies to conserve scarce resources. In principle, the forces leading to change in the composition and techniques of production may be sufficiently strong to more than offset the adverse effects of increased economic activity on the environment. In this paper we address this empirical issue using panel data on ambient pollution levels in many countries. Examination of the empirical relationship between national income and measures of environmental quality began with our *We thank the Ford Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, the John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Institute for Policy Reform, and the Centers of International Studies and of Economic Policy Studies at Princeton University for financial support. We are grateful to Peter Jaffee, who tutored us on the various dimensions of water quality, to Robert Bisson, who provided us with the GEMS/ Water data, and to seminar participants at the O.E.C.D. Development Centre and the Institute for International Economic Studies in Stockholm, Sweden, who gave us helpful comments and suggestions. Special thanks go to James Laity, whose research assistance was simply extraordinary.
5,582 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between various environmental indicators and the level of a country's per capita income and found no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth, rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement.
Abstract: Using data assembled by the Global Environmental Monitoring System we examine the reduced-form relationship between various environmental indicators and the level of a country's per capita income. Our study covers four types of indicators: concentrations of urban air pollution; measures of the state of the oxygen regime in river basins; concentrations of fecal contaminants in river basins; and concentrations of heavy metals in river basins. We find no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth. Rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an initial phase of deterioration followed by a subsequent phase of improvement. The turning points for the different pollutants vary, but in most cases they come before a country reaches a per capita income of $8,000.
4,300 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop a theoretical model to divide trade's impact on pollution into scale, technique and composition effects and then examine this theory using data on sulfur dioxide concentrations from the Global Environment Monitoring Project.
Abstract: This paper sets out a theory of how openness to international goods markets affects pollution concentrations. We develop a theoretical model to divide trade's impact on pollution into scale, technique and composition effects and then examine this theory using data on sulfur dioxide concentrations from the Global Environment Monitoring Project. We find international trade creates relatively small changes in pollution concentrations when it alters the composition, and hence the pollution intensity, of national output. Our estimates of the associated technique and scale effects created by trade imply a net reduction in pollutio n from these sources. Combining our estimates of scale, composition and technique effects yields a somewhat surprising conclusion: freer trade appears to be good for the environment.
1,916 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade as mentioned in this paper, which has been hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence.
Abstract: For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade. The debate was originally fueled by negotiations over the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations, both of which occurred at a time when concerns over global warming, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising. Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and proposals for future rounds of trade negotiations. The debate has often been unproductive. It has been hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence. The purpose of this essay is set out what we currently know about the environmental consequences of economic growth and international trade. We critically review both theory and empirical work to answer three basic questions. What do we know about the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment? How can this evidence help us evaluate ongoing policy debates? Where do we go from here?
1,731 citations