Drug release kinetics and transport mechanisms of non-degradable and degradable polymeric delivery systems
TL;DR: An overview of structure-function relationships of selected non-degradable and degradable polymers as drug delivery matrices is provided to help elucidate the solute transport mechanisms.
Abstract: Importance of the field: The advancement in material design and engineering has led to the rapid development of new materials with increasing complexity and functions. Both non-degradable and degradable polymers have found wide applications in the controlled delivery field. Studies on drug release kinetics provide important information into the function of material systems. To elucidate the detailed transport mechanism and the structure-function relationship of a material system, it is critical to bridge the gap between the macroscopic data and the transport behavior at the molecular level.Areas covered in this review: The structure and function information of selected non-degradable and degradable polymers have been collected and summarized from literature published after the 1990s. The release kinetics of selected drug compounds from various material systems is discussed in case studies. Recent progress in the mathematical models based on different transport mechanisms is highlighted.What the reader wil...
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1,837 citations
TL;DR: The pathophysiology of chronic wounds is discussed and then the materials used for engineering drug delivery systems are discussed, and the architecture of the delivery platform and its ability to modulate drug delivery are discussed.
440 citations
Cites background from "Drug release kinetics and transport..."
...Hydrophobic polymeric particles go through surface erosion while hydrophilic polymeric particles swell and the degradation occurs within the bulk of the polymer [143, 144]....
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TL;DR: The most commonly used methods for the production and characterization of polymeric NPs are discussed, the association efficiency of the active compound to the polymeric core, and the in vitro release mechanisms are discussed.
Abstract: Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are particles within the size range from 1 to 1000 nm and can be loaded with active compounds entrapped within or surface-adsorbed onto the polymeric core. The term “nanoparticle” stands for both nanocapsules and nanospheres, which are distinguished by the morphological structure. Polymeric NPs have shown great potential for targeted delivery of drugs for the treatment of several diseases. In this review, we discuss the most commonly used methods for the production and characterization of polymeric NPs, the association efficiency of the active compound to the polymeric core, and the in vitro release mechanisms. As the safety of nanoparticles is a high priority, we also discuss the toxicology and ecotoxicology of nanoparticles to humans and to the environment.
430 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the particle size of the nanoparticles could be reduced further and the paclitaxel release kinetics could easily be adjusted by taking advantage by the inclusion of a co-surfactant.
340 citations
Cites background from "Drug release kinetics and transport..."
...The degradation of these polymers varies from several days to several months depending on the molecular weight and co-polymer composition, which increases patient compliance [12]....
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TL;DR: It is found that addition of a model drug compound into the MOF and the subsequent temperature treatment process does not affect the rate of MOF uptake by the cell, and endocytosis analysis revealed that MOFs are internalized by active transport and that inhibiting the caveolae-mediated pathway significantly reduced cellular uptake of MOFs.
Abstract: Utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a biological carrier can lower the amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) required in cancer treatments to provide a more efficacious therapy In this work, we have developed a temperature treatment process for delaying the release of a model drug compound from the pores of NU-1000 and NU-901, while taking care to utilize these MOFs’ large pore volume and size to achieve exceptional model drug loading percentages over 35 wt % Video-rate super-resolution microscopy reveals movement of MOF particles when located outside of the cell boundary, and their subsequent immobilization when taken up by the cell Through the use of optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we have captured high-resolution 3D images showing MOF uptake by HeLa cells over a 24 h period We found that addition of a model drug compound into the MOF and the subsequent temperature treatment process does not affect the rate of MOF uptake by the cell Endocytosis a
244 citations
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TL;DR: The analyses suggest that for the latter system the time required to release 50% of the drug would normally be expected to be approximately 10 per cent of that required to dissolve the last trace of the solid drug phase in the center of the pellet.
4,383 citations
"Drug release kinetics and transport..." refers background in this paper
...Higuchi 1 2 t M kt M = ∞ Fickian diffusion [94]...
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TL;DR: In this paper, a simple exponential relation Mt/M∞ = ktn is introduced to describe the general solute release behavior of controlled release polymeric devices, where Mt is the fractional release, t is the release time, k is a constant, and n is the diffusional exponent characteristic of the release mechanism.
3,256 citations
TL;DR: Conventional forms of drug administration generally rely on pills, eye drops, ointments, and intravenous solutions, but a number of novel drug delivery approaches have been developed, which may revolutionize the way many drugs are delivered.
Abstract: Conventional forms of drug administration generally rely on pills, eye drops, ointments, and intravenous solutions. Recently, a number of novel drug delivery approaches have been developed. These approaches include drug modification by chemical means, drug entrapment in small vesicles that are injected into the bloodstream, and drug entrapment within pumps or polymeric materials that are placed in desired bodily compartments (for example, the eye or beneath the skin). These techniques have already led to delivery systems that improve human health, and continued research may revolutionize the way many drugs are delivered.
2,357 citations
"Drug release kinetics and transport..." refers background in this paper
...‘Drug release’ refers to the process in which drug solutesmigrate from the initial position in the polymeric system to the polymer’s outer surface and then to the release medium [1]....
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TL;DR: Experimental observations of burst release in monolithic polymer controlled drug delivery systems, theories of the physical mechanisms causing burst, some of the unique ideas used to prevent burst, and the treatment of burstRelease in controlled release models are reviewed.
1,518 citations
"Drug release kinetics and transport..." refers background in this paper
...toxicity, short in vivo half-life, and a shortened release profile that requires more frequent dosing [77]....
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TL;DR: The objective of this article is to review the fundamentals and recent advances in hydrogel network design as well as mathematical modeling approaches related to controlled molecule release from hydrogels.
1,515 citations
"Drug release kinetics and transport..." refers background or result in this paper
...Lin CC, Metters AT....
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...There have been several nicely written reviews on mathematical modeling for bioerodible polymeric delivery systems [39], dissolution-controlled drug delivery systems [56], microsphere delivery systems [2] and hydrogel networks [61]....
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...Some preliminary studies have been well documented in the review by Lin and Metters [61]....
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