Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adaptive Protection of Microgrid
01 Dec 2015-pp 1505-1509
TL;DR: A novel adaptive over current (OC) protection scheme for micro grid that employs dual simplex algorithm to identify the time multiplier setting (TMS) and time of operation of relays for any topology of micro grid, which are saved in a look up table (LUT) in central protection system (CPS).
Abstract: Growing power demand and depletion of conventional energy resources are the predominant reasons for distributed generators (DG) penetration into micro grid. The conventional protection schemes are not suitable for micro grid due to bidirectional power flow. This paper proposes a novel adaptive over current (OC) protection scheme for micro grid. This scheme employs dual simplex algorithm to identify the time multiplier setting (TMS) and time of operation (top) of relays for any topology of micro grid, which are saved in a look up table (LUT) in central protection system (CPS). In the event of fault identification, the records in LUT facilitate in providing appropriate relay coordination in the reconfigured micro grid with minimum number of feeder disconnection
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TL;DR: The state of the art in the field is reviewed and a thorough analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques are provided, indicating the viability of 5G wireless systems and multiconnectivity to enable adaptive protection.
Abstract: The dominance of distributed energy resources in microgrids and the associated weather dependence require flexible protection. They include devices capable of adapting their protective settings as a reaction to (potential) changes in the state of the system. Communication technologies have a key role in this system, since the reactions of the adaptive devices shall be coordinated. This coordination imposes strict requirements: communications must be available and ultrareliable with bounded latency in the order of milliseconds. This article reviews the state of the art in the field and provides a thorough analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques. We also present our perspective on the future of communication deployments in microgrids, indicating the viability of 5G wireless systems and multiconnectivity to enable adaptive protection.
25 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jul 2020TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a thorough analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques and present a perspective on the future of communication deployments in microgrids, indicating the viability of 5G wireless systems and multi-connectivity to enable adaptive protection.
Abstract: The dominance of distributed energy resources in microgrids and the associated weather dependency require flexible protection. They include devices capable of adapting their protective settings as a reaction to (potential) changes in system state. Communication technologies have a key role in this system since the reactions of the adaptive devices shall be coordinated. This coordination imposes strict requirements: communications must be available and ultra-reliable with bounded latency in the order of milliseconds. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the field and provides a thorough analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques. We also present our perspective on the future of communication deployments in microgrids, indicating the viability of 5G wireless systems and multi-connectivity to enable adaptive protection.
20 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm is developed for the adaptive overcurrent relay protection to overcome the challenges of the microgrid with distributed energy resources and the results validate the performance of the proposed algorithm for adaptive protection using the IEEE-9 bus system with a microgrid.
Abstract: The microgrid includes a distribution system with low voltage, controllable load, and distributed energy resources (DER). The DERs have been increased in the recent power network to address global environmental concerns, which creates challenges in faults, synchronization, inertia control, etc. As the technologies are getting advanced day by day, the past technology becomes obsolete. The internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are the most discussed topics to obtain solutions for the challenges. One of the proposed solutions is adaptive overcurrent protection, as it can be used for any grid. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for the adaptive overcurrent relay protection to overcome the challenges of the microgrid with distributed energy resources. Then, the solutions obtained from the adaptive overcurrent protection algorithm network simulation are compared to the traditional overcurrent protection algorithm using the four key points such as selectivity, reliability, sensitivity, and speed to have a good performance in the power network. All the simulation studies are done in the electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) software environment. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed algorithm for adaptive protection using the IEEE-9 bus system with a microgrid.
14 citations
Additional excerpts
...use the conventional power protection scheme [10]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a panorama actual de la implementacion de energias renovables and generación distribuida a nivel mundial, asi como una introduccion al concepto of micro redes and sus principales impactos and desafios en el sistema electrico.
Abstract: Las redes electricas estan evolucionando y asumiendo mas retos conforme incrementa la inclusion de energias renovables y unidades de generacion distribuida, especialmente a niveles de distribucion. La gran tendencia a generar electricidad con fuentes alternas y renovables ha impulsado la formacion de subsistemas de distribucion o micro redes, capaces de suplir su propia demanda electrica y exportar energia al sistema interconectado de ser necesario. Sin embargo, los efectos de la inclusion de estas unidades de generacion sobre la red electrica y la misma micro red son varios, como distorsion armonica, oscilaciones de tension y sobre todo, sobre las protecciones electricas. Este articulo brinda un panorama actual de la implementacion de energias renovables y generacion distribuida a nivel mundial, asi como una introduccion al concepto de micro redes y sus principales impactos y desafios en el sistema electrico. Finalmente, se presentan los principales impactos de las micro redes sobre los equipos de proteccion a nivel de distribucion, siendo las protecciones electricas adaptativas una de las soluciones a los cambios dinamicos del sistema electrico.
2 citations
Cites background from "Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adapti..."
...Do Nascimento & Rolim, 2013; Gupta et al., 2016; Khederzadeh, 2012; Tello-maita & Marulanda-guerra, 2017; Tummasit, Premrudeepreechacharn, & Tantichayakorn, 2016)....
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...Is important to notice that power systems had not been designed to considered generation units along distribution networks (Gupta et al., 2016; Luna & Parra, 2011)....
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...This combination of small units or distributed generation, energy storage and control systems at distribution level, form a distribution network subsystem, also known as a microgrid (MG) (L. L. Do Nascimento & Rolim, 2013; Gupta et al., 2016; Khederzadeh, 2012; Tello-maita & Marulanda-guerra, 2017; Tummasit, Premrudeepreechacharn, & Tantichayakorn, 2016)....
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29 Mar 2018
TL;DR: A LabVIEW based Central Protection Center (CPC) that remotely monitors a grid-connected microgrid using a wireless medium that is capable of continuously capturing the current status of the grid in a zonalised manner.
Abstract: A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity sources and loads i.e. it is a small-scale power grid that normally operates connected to the centralized grid but can also disconnect and function autonomously. This papers proposes a LabVIEW based Central Protection Center (CPC) that remotely monitors a grid-connected microgrid using a wireless medium. The microgrid is divided into zones for ease of monitoring. The CPC is capable of continuously capturing the current status of the grid in a zonalised manner. If a fault is diagnosed by the central protection center, then it issues appropriate overcurrent relay coordination to the microgrid network.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of high DG penetration on protective device coordination is explored and an adaptive protection scheme is proposed as a solution to the problems identified, which is implemented on a simulated actual distribution feeder.
Abstract: Conventional power distribution system is radial in nature, characterized by a single source feeding a network of downstream feeders. Protection scheme for distribution system, primarily consisting of fuses and reclosers and, in some cases, relays, has traditionally been designed assuming the system to be radial. After connecting distributed generation (DG), part of the system may no longer be radial, which means the coordination might not hold. The effect of DG on coordination will depend on size, type, and placement of DG. This paper explores the effect of high DG penetration on protective device coordination and suggests an adaptive protection scheme as a solution to the problems identified. Results of implementation of this scheme on a simulated actual distribution feeder are reported.
590 citations
TL;DR: The use of adaptive protection, using local information, is proposed to overcome the challenges of the overcurrent protection in distribution systems with distributed generation.
Abstract: A significant increase in the penetration of distributed generation has resulted in a possibility of operating distribution systems with distributed generation in islanded mode. However, overcurrent protection of an islanded distribution system is still an issue due to the difference in fault current when the distribution system is connected to the grid and when it is islanded. This paper proposes the use of adaptive protection, using local information, to overcome the challenges of the overcurrent protection in distribution systems with distributed generation. The trip characteristics of the relays are updated by detecting operating states (grid connected or island) and the faulted section. The paper also proposes faulted section detection using time overcurrent characteristics of the protective relays. Simulation results show that the operating state and faulted section can be correctly identified and the protection system settings can be updated to clear the faults faster.
388 citations
"Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adapti..." refers methods in this paper
...It is the computer in which the 21-bus microgrid system shown in Fig....
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07 Aug 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a control technique for distributed generation (DG) plants that use feedback of only locally measurable variables, which allows correct system operation and switching between parallel and isolated modes without needing online communication of control signals between the generators.
Abstract: It is expected that dispersed generation (DG) will play an increasing role in electric power systems in the near future. Among the benefits that DG can give to the power system operators and to the electricity customers, one of the most attractive is the possibility of improving the continuity of power supply. DG plants can be designed to supply portions of the distribution grid in the event of an upstream supply outage. Techniques for controlling DG plants that use feedback of only locally measurable variables are presented. This solution allows correct system operation and switching between parallel and isolated modes without needing online communication of control signals between the generators. The control technique is described with particular reference to inverter-interfaced systems (micro-turbines, fuel cells). Simulations of sample cases including different size and type of generators are presented.
310 citations
"Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adapti..." refers methods in this paper
...It is the computer in which the 21-bus microgrid system shown in Fig....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical constraints imposed by the growing needs of distributed generation, DER, and demanding PQR requirements, the microgrid concept is evolving toward a potentially versatile solution.
Abstract: In this paper the technical constraints imposed by the growing needs of distributed generation, DER, and demanding PQR requirements, the microgrid concept is evolving toward a potentially versatile solution. The growing body of technical publications includes analytical modeling that defines the theoretical basis; computer simulation studies that verify operation and performance: and laboratory-scale, community-scale, and utility-scale demonstrations and pilot projects that add field experience to theory and simulation. Similarly, vigorous efforts are underway to expand microgrid economic and regulatory analysis capability, but challenges remain. At the policy level, significant changes will be needed to facilitate capture of the benefits of microgrids.
235 citations
"Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adapti..." refers background in this paper
...DG systems are most often connected to the grid at the distribution level, and are commonly based on renewable resources such as wind, solar, and hydro, as well as conventional gas turbines, microturbines and fuel cells providing electrical and thermal energy i.e. Combined heat and power (CHP) [3]....
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13 Jul 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of high DG penetration on protective device coordination is explored and an adaptive protection scheme is proposed as a solution to the problems identified, which is implemented on a simulated actual distribution feeder.
Abstract: Conventional power distribution system is radial in nature, characterized by a single source feeding a network of down-stream feeders. Protection scheme for distribution system, primarily consisting of fuses and reclosers and in some cases, relays, has traditionally been designed assuming the system to be radial. After connecting distributed generation (DG), part of the system may no longer be radial, which means the coordination might not hold. The effect of DG on coordination will depend on size, type and placement of DG. This paper explores the effect of high DG penetration on protective device coordination and suggests an adaptive protection scheme as a solution to the problems identified. Results of implementation of this scheme on a simulated actual distribution feeder are reported.
153 citations
"Dual Simplex Algorithm Aided Adapti..." refers methods in this paper
...It is the computer in which the 21-bus microgrid system shown in Fig....
[...]