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Duplex stainless steels : microstructure, properties and applications
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In this paper, the authors present a non-destructive testing of welds for service experience, based on the application of service experience in metallurgy and metallurgical applications.Abstract:
Developments, grades and specifications Alloy design Microstructure Forming and machining Physical and mechanical properties Corrosion Stress corrosion cracking Welding metallurgy Welding processes Weld properties Non-destructive testing of welds Applications Service experience.read more
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Recent developments in stainless steels
Abstract: This article presents an overview of the developments in stainless steels made since the 1990s. Some of the new applications that involve the use of stainless steel are also introduced. A brief introduction to the various classes of stainless steels, their precipitate phases and the status quo of their production around the globe is given first. The advances in a variety of subject areas that have been made recently will then be presented. These recent advances include (1) new findings on the various precipitate phases (the new J phase, new orientation relationships, new phase diagram for the Fe–Cr system, etc.); (2) new suggestions for the prevention/mitigation of the different problems and new methods for their detection/measurement and (3) new techniques for surface/bulk property enhancement (such as laser shot peening, grain boundary engineering and grain refinement). Recent developments in topics like phase prediction, stacking fault energy, superplasticity, metadynamic recrystallisation and the calculation of mechanical properties are introduced, too. In the end of this article, several new applications that involve the use of stainless steels are presented. Some of these are the use of austenitic stainless steels for signature authentication (magnetic recording), the utilisation of the cryogenic magnetic transition of the sigma phase for hot spot detection (the Sigmaplugs), the new Pt-enhanced radiopaque stainless steel (PERSS) coronary stents and stainless steel stents that may be used for magnetic drug targeting. Besides recent developments in conventional stainless steels, those in the high-nitrogen, low-Ni (or Ni-free) varieties are also introduced. These recent developments include new methods for attaining very high nitrogen contents, new guidelines for alloy design, the merits/demerits associated with high nitrogen contents, etc.
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Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel welds
TL;DR: In this article, a low heat input process viz., EBW and another commonly employed process, gas tungsten-arc welding have been employed for welding of duplex stainless steels with and without nickel enhancement.
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Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the performance of AM steels as a function of these unique micro-structural features is presented in this paper, highlighting that a wide range of steels can be processed by AM.
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Effect of welding processes and conditions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel weldments—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of welding processes and conditions on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels and its various combinations on the basis of structure-property co-relationship are systematically highlighted.
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Effect of friction stir welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a duplex stainless steel
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the stir zone (SZ) in friction stir welding (FSW) of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated.