Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review
TL;DR: An extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here.
About: This article is published in Advances in Colloid and Interface Science.The article was published on 2014-07-01. It has received 2979 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Adsorption & Activated carbon.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of existing research papers on various biological, chemical and physical dye removal methods to find its efficiency through percentage of dye removal is presented, which highlights enzyme degradation and adsorption (physical) dye removal as these are known as one of the most efficient dye removal techniques these days.
Abstract: Dye effluents released from numerous dye-utilizing industries are harmful towards the environment and living things. Consequently, existence of dye effluent in environmental water bodies is becoming a growing concern to environmentalists and civilians. A long term sustainable and efficient dye effluent treatment method should be established to eliminate this issue. Dye wastewater should be treated first before release to minimize its negative impacts towards the environment and living things. However, due to lack of information on efficient dye removal methods, it is difficult to decide on a single technique that resolves the prevailing dye effluent issue. Therefore, this paper reviews existing research papers on various biological, chemical and physical dye removal methods to find its efficiency through percentage of dye removal. Although there are numerous existing tried and tested methods to accomplish dye removal, most of them have a common disadvantage which is the generation of secondary pollution to the environment. This paper highlights enzyme degradation (biological) and adsorption (physical) dye removal as these are known as one of the most efficient dye removal techniques these days. This paper also suggests the usage of a combined adsorbent as it is envisioned that this technique has better efficiency and is able to remove dyes at a faster rate.
1,186 citations
TL;DR: Criteria for choosing the optimum isotherm model is established through a critical review of different adsorption models and the use of various mathematically error functions such as linear regression analysis, nonlinear regressionAnalysis, and error functions for adsorption data optimization.
1,151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, low-cost byproducts from agricultural, household and industrial sectors have been recognized as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, which allow achieving the removal of pollutants from wastewater and at the same time to contribute to the waste minimization, recovery and reuse.
1,105 citations
Cites background from "Dye and its removal from aqueous so..."
...[10] studied dyes, their classification and toxicity, various treatment methods and dye adsorption characteristics by various adsorbents such as agricultural, industrial and soil and ore....
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...[10] The review article provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification and toxicity, various treatment...
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TL;DR: In this review, the key advancement on the preparation and modification of novel adsorbents and their adsorption capacities for dyes removal under various conditions have been highlighted and discussed.
694 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a large number of solid adsorbents such as Natural Adsorbents, Agricultural Wastes, Industrial wastes, Biomass, Nanoadsorbents: Carbon based nanomaterials, Nobel metal based nano-materials, Metal oxide based nanomorphs, Spinel ferrite-based nanomological material, Nanocomposites, Dendritic polymers; Geopolymer cement have been discussed for the removal of different pollutants from waste water.
Abstract: There are number of water purification techniques but the adsorption is one of the most simplest, effective and economical method for wastewater purification. In this article a large number of solid adsorbents such as Natural adsorbents, Agricultural Wastes, Industrial wastes, Biomass, Nanoadsorbents: Carbon based nanomaterials, Nobel metal based nanomaterials, Metal oxide based nanomaterials, Spinel ferrite based nanomaterials, Nanocomposites, Dendritic polymers; Geopolymer cement have been discussed for the removal of different pollutants from waste water. Removal of Fluoride, Phosphate, Nitrate and Radionuclides from wastewater has also been reviewed in this article. Adsorption isotherm models, kinetic models, thermodynamic parameters and adsorption mechanism have also been discussed. The present article lists different type of adsorbents and reviews state-of-the-art of the removal of different pollutants from water. The efforts have been made to discuss the sources of contamination and toxicities of pollutants. Adsorption mechanisms responsible for pollutants removal by different adsorbents have been reviewed. Attempts have also been made to point out the advantages and drawbacks of adsorbents and the future research needs in the area of water purification by adsorbents.
581 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the absorption index at the wave length of the band maximum was found to be proportional to the total concentration of metal at shorter wave lengths, however, deviations were observed, the absorption increasing more rapidly with concentration than Beers' law would demand.
Abstract: solutions investigated, the absorption index diminishing approximately 1% for a rise in temperature of one degree. 6. In liquid ammonia rough measurements of concentration showed the absorption index to be proportional to the total concentration of metal. 7. In methylamine the absorption index, at the wave length of the band maximum is also proportional to the total concentration of metal. At shorter wave lengths, however, deviations were observed, the absorption increasing more rapidly with concentration than Beers’ law would demand. The ratio of the absorption index a t 650pp to that a t 53opp increases not only with increasing concentration of the metal but also with increasing concentration of the reaction product of the metal with methylamine, and probably also with increasing temperature. 8. These observations can be accounted for by the following hypotheses: The color in all cases is due to electrons combined with the solvent. In ammonia the dissociation of the metal into electrons is nearly complete, and the concentration of electrons uncombine4 with solvent is negligible compared with that of the solvated electrons. In other words, the solvation of the electrons is nearly complete. In methylamine, on the other hand, the concentration of un-ionized metal is no longer negligible and is responsible for the increased absorption a t the shorter wave lengths. The solvation of the electrons in methylamine is incomplete and diminishes as the temperature is increased.
18,573 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review of the use of sorbents and biosorbents to treat polluted aqueous effluents containing dyes:organics or metal ions has been conducted.
13,746 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the rate of adsorption of persistent organic compounds on granular carbon is quite low and the rate is partially a function of the pore size distribution of the adsorbent, of the molecular size and configuration of the solute, and of the relative electrokinetic properties of adsorbate and adsorbents.
Abstract: Laboratory investigations show that rates of adsorption of persistent organic compounds on granular carbon are quite low. Intraparticle diffusion of solute appears to control the rate of uptake, thus the rate is partially a function of the pore size distribution of the adsorbent, of the molecular size and configuration of the solute, and of the relative electrokinetic properties of adsorbate and adsorbent. Systemic factors such as temperature and pH will influence the rates of adsorption; rates increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing pH. The effect of initial concentration of solute is of considerable significance, the rate of uptake being a linear function of the square-root of concentration within the range of experimentation. Relative reaction rates also vary reciprocally with the square of the diameter of individual carbon particle for a given weight of carbon. Based on the findings of the research, fluidized-bed operation is suggested as an efficient means of using adsorption for treatment of waters and waste waters.
7,115 citations
6,913 citations
TL;DR: The current available technologies are reviewed and an effective, cheaper alternative for dye removal and decolourisation applicable on large scale is suggested.
4,772 citations
"Dye and its removal from aqueous so..." refers background in this paper
...Azo dyes are toxic because of the presence of toxic amines in the effluent [39]....
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...Similarly anthraquinonebased dyes are most resistant to degradation and remains colour for a large time in effluents [39]....
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