Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP dataset
22 Feb 2012-pp 89-94
TL;DR: This paper presents their DASH dataset including the DASHEncoder, an open source DASH content generation tool, and provides basic evaluations of the different segment lengths, the influence of HTTP server settings, and shows some of the advantages as well as problems of shorter segment lengths.
Abstract: The delivery of audio-visual content over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) got lot of attention in recent years and with dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) a standard is now available. Many papers cover this topic and present their research results, but unfortunately all of them use their own private dataset which -- in most cases -- is not publicly available. Hence, it is difficult to compare, e.g., adaptation algorithms in an objective way due to the lack of a common dataset which shall be used as basis for such experiments. In this paper, we present our DASH dataset including our DASHEncoder, an open source DASH content generation tool. We also provide basic evaluations of the different segment lengths, the influence of HTTP server settings, and, in this context, we show some of the advantages as well as problems of shorter segment lengths.
Citations
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TL;DR: This survey provides an overview of the different methods proposed over the last several years of bitrate adaptation algorithms for HTTP adaptive streaming, leaving it to system builders to innovate and implement their own method.
Abstract: In this survey, we present state-of-the-art bitrate adaptation algorithms for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS). As a key distinction from other streaming approaches, the bitrate adaptation algorithms in HAS are chiefly executed at each client, i.e. , in a distributed manner. The objective of these algorithms is to ensure a high quality of experience (QoE) for viewers in the presence of bandwidth fluctuations due to factors like signal strength, network congestion, network reconvergence events, etc. While such fluctuations are common in public Internet, they can also occur in home networksor even managed networks where there is often admission control and QoS tools. Bitrate adaptation algorithms may take factors like bandwidth estimations, playback buffer fullness, device features, viewer preferences, and content features into account, albeit with different weights. Since the viewer’s QoE needs to be determined in real-time during playback, objective metrics are generally used including number of buffer stalls, duration of startup delay, frequency and amount of quality oscillations, and video instability. By design, the standards for HAS do not mandate any particular adaptation algorithm, leaving it to system builders to innovate and implement their own method. This survey provides an overview of the different methods proposed over the last several years.
289 citations
Cites background from "Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..."
...This may lead to coding inefficiencies for short segment durations [19]....
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24 Feb 2012
TL;DR: A detailed evaluation of the implementation of MPEG DASH compared to the most popular propriety systems, i.e., Microsoft Smooth Steaming, Adobe HTTP Dynamic Streaming, and Apple HTTP Live Streaming is provided.
Abstract: MPEGs' Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) is an emerging standard designed for media delivery over the top of existing infrastructures and able to handle varying bandwidth conditions during a streaming session. This requirement is very important, specifically within mobile environments and, thus, DASH could potentially become a major driver for mobile multimedia streaming. Hence, this paper provides a detailed evaluation of our implementation of MPEG DASH compared to the most popular propriety systems, i.e., Microsoft Smooth Steaming, Adobe HTTP Dynamic Streaming, and Apple HTTP Live Streaming. In particular, these systems will be evaluated under restricted conditions which are due to vehicular mobility. In anticipation of the results, our prototype implementation of MPEG-DASH can very well compete with state-of-the-art solutions and, thus, can be regarded as a mature standard ready for industry adaption.
263 citations
TL;DR: This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of client-side, server- side, and in-network rate adaptation techniques to support DASH-based content delivery and provides context and motivation for the application.
Abstract: With companies such as Netflix and YouTube accounting for more than 50% of the peak download traffic on North American fixed networks in 2015, video streaming represents a significant source of Internet traffic. Multimedia delivery over the Internet has evolved rapidly over the past few years. The last decade has seen video streaming transitioning from User Datagram Protocol to Transmission Control Protocol-based technologies. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) has recently emerged as a standard for Internet video streaming. A range of rate adaptation mechanisms are proposed for DASH systems in order to deliver video quality that matches the throughput of dynamic network conditions for a richer user experience. This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of client-side, server-side, and in-network rate adaptation techniques to support DASH-based content delivery. We provide context and motivation for the application of these techniques and review significant works in the literature from the past decade. These works are categorized according to the feedback signals used and the end-node that performs or assists with the adaptation. We also provide a review of several notable video traffic measurement and characterization studies and outline open research questions in the field.
216 citations
Cites methods from "Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..."
...We illustrate the relationship between video chunk sizes and representation rates using the publicly available “Big Buck Bunny” dataset [40] (an open-source, 9mins 46secs long animated video by the Blender Institute)....
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20 Jun 2017
TL;DR: The parameters and characteristics of a dataset for omnidirectional video are proposed and exemplary instantiated to evaluate various aspects of such an ecosystem, namely bitrate overhead, bandwidth requirements, and quality aspects in terms of viewport PSNR.
Abstract: Real-time entertainment services such as streaming audiovisual content deployed over the open, unmanaged Internet account now for more than 70% during peak periods. More and more such bandwidth hungry applications and services are proposed like immersive media services such as virtual reality and, specifically omnidirectional/360-degree videos. The adaptive streaming of omnidirectional video over HTTP imposes an important challenge on today's video delivery infrastructures which calls for dedicated, thoroughly designed techniques for content generation, delivery, and consumption.; AB@This paper describes the usage of tiles --- as specified within modern video codecs such HEVC/H.265 and VP9 --- enabling bandwidth efficient adaptive streaming of omnidirectional video over HTTP and we define various streaming strategies. Therefore, the parameters and characteristics of a dataset for omnidirectional video are proposed and exemplary instantiated to evaluate various aspects of such an ecosystem, namely bitrate overhead, bandwidth requirements, and quality aspects in terms of viewport PSNR. The results indicate bitrate savings from 40% (in a realistic scenario with recorded head movements from real users) up to 65% (in an ideal scenario with a centered/fixed viewport) and serve as a baseline and guidelines for advanced techniques including the outline of a research roadmap for the near future.
194 citations
Cites background from "Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..."
...In the literature, 4s segment size has been reported as a good tradeoff between streaming and coding efficiency [10]....
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23 Dec 2013
TL;DR: This paper proposes ELASTIC (fEedback Linearization Adaptive STreamIng Controller), a client-side controller designed using feedback control theory that does not generate an on-off traffic pattern and is able to get the fair share when coexisting with TCP greedy flows.
Abstract: Today, video distribution platforms use adaptive video streaming to deliver the maximum Quality of Experience to a wide range of devices connected to the Internet through different access networks. Among the techniques employed to implement video adaptivity, the stream-switching over HTTP is getting a wide acceptance due to its deployment and implementation simplicity. Recently it has been shown that the client-side algorithms proposed so far generate an on-off traffic pattern that may lead to unfairness and underutilization when many video flows share a bottleneck. In this paper we propose ELASTIC (fEedback Linearization Adaptive STreamIng Controller), a client-side controller designed using feedback control theory that does not generate an on-off traffic pattern. By employing a controlled testbed, allowing bandwidth capacity and delays to be set, we compare ELASTIC with other client-side controllers proposed in the literature. In particular, we have checked to what extent the considered algorithms are able to: 1) fully utilize the bottleneck, 2) fairly share the bottleneck, 3) obtain a fair share when TCP greedy flows share the bottleneck with video flows. The obtained results show that ELASTIC achieves a very high fairness and is able to get the fair share when coexisting with TCP greedy flows.
194 citations
Cites methods from "Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..."
...It is worth mentioning that we have also run the experiments without using persistent connections and we have recovered the poor results presented in [10] particularly when video flows shared the bottleneck with TCP greedy flows....
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References
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23 Feb 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, some insight and background into the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) specifications as available from 3GPP and in draft version also from MPEG is provided.
Abstract: In this paper, we provide some insight and background into the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) specifications as available from 3GPP and in draft version also from MPEG. Specifically, the 3GPP version provides a normative description of a Media Presentation, the formats of a Segment, and the delivery protocol. In addition, it adds an informative description on how a DASH Client may use the provided information to establish a streaming service for the user. The solution supports different service types (e.g., On-Demand, Live, Time-Shift Viewing), different features (e.g., adaptive bitrate switching, multiple language support, ad insertion, trick modes, DRM) and different deployment options. Design principles and examples are provided.
1,203 citations
TL;DR: A new standard to enable dynamic and adaptive streaming of media over HTTP is finalized, which aims to address the interoperability needs between devices and servers of various vendors.
Abstract: MPEG has recently finalized a new standard to enable dynamic and adaptive streaming of media over HTTP. This standard aims to address the interoperability needs between devices and servers of various vendors. There is broad industry support for this new standard, which offers the promise of transforming the media-streaming landscape.
1,085 citations
"Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..." refers background in this paper
...Due to these enormous infrastructure and bandwidth needs those costs became a huge problem for content service providers (CSP)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed analytic performance models to systematically investigate the performance of TCP for both live and stored-media streaming, and validated their models via ns simulations and experiments conducted over the Internet.
Abstract: TCP is widely used in commercial multimedia streaming systems, with recent measurement studies indicating that a significant fraction of Internet streaming media is currently delivered over HTTP/TCP. These observations motivate us to develop analytic performance models to systematically investigate the performance of TCP for both live and stored-media streaming. We validate our models via ns simulations and experiments conducted over the Internet. Our models provide guidelines indicating the circumstances under which TCP streaming leads to satisfactory performance, showing, for example, that TCP generally provides good streaming performance when the achievable TCP throughput is roughly twice the media bitrate, with only a few seconds of startup delay.
200 citations
10 Oct 2004
TL;DR: These models provide guidelines indicating the circumstances under which TCP streaming leads to satisfactory performance, showing, for example, that TCP generally provides good streaming performance when the achievable TCP throughput is roughly twice the media bitrate, with only a few seconds of startup delay.
Abstract: TCP is widely used in commercial media streaming systems, with recent measurement studies indicating that a significant fraction of Internet streaming media is currently delivered over HTTP/TCP. These observations motivate us to develop analytic performance models to systematically investigate the performance of TCP for both live and stored media streaming. We validate our models via ns simulations and experiments conducted over the Internet. Our models provide guidelines indicating the circumstances under which TCP streaming leads to satisfactory performance, showing, for example, that TCP generally provides good streaming performance when the achievable TCP throughput is roughly twice the media bitrate, with only a few seconds of startup delay.
160 citations
01 Jun 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed analytic performance models to systematically investigate the performance of TCP for both live and stored media streaming, and validate their models via ns simulations and experiments conducted over the Internet.
Abstract: TCP is widely used in commercial media streaming systems, with recent measurement studies indicating that a significant fraction of Internet streaming media is currently delivered over HTTP/TCP. These observations motivate us to develop analytic performance models to systematically investigate the performance of TCP for both live and stored media streaming. We validate our models via ns simulations and experiments conducted over the Internet. Our models provide guidelines indicating the circumstances under which TCP streaming leads to satisfactory performance, showing, for example, that TCP generally provides good streaming performance when the achievable TCP throughput is roughly twice the media bitrate, with only a few seconds of startup delay.
145 citations
"Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTT..." refers methods in this paper
...In our evaluation the streaming using persistent connections corresponds with the findings from [25] and [26] that for TCPbased streaming one needs about the double bandwidth of the media bitrate to achieve a sufficient performance....
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