Dynamic soil–structure interaction of monopile supported wind turbines in cohesive soil

doi:10.1016/J.SOILDYN.2013.01.015

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Dynamic soil–structure interaction of monopile supported wind turbines in cohesive soil

Journal Article•DOI•

Dynamic soil–structure interaction of monopile supported wind turbines in cohesive soil

Domenico Lombardi¹, Subhamoy Bhattacharya², David Muir Wood³•Institutions (3)

University of Bristol¹, University of Surrey², University of Dundee³

01 Jun 2013-Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (Elsevier)-Vol. 49, pp 165-180

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of laboratory tests were conducted in which a scaled model wind turbine supported on a monopile in kaolin clay was subjected to between 32,000 and 172,000 cycles of horizontal loading and the changes in natural frequency and damping of the model were monitored.

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About: This article is published in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.The article was published on 2013-06-01. It has received 269 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Offshore wind power & Soil structure interaction.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Design of monopiles for offshore wind turbines in 10 steps

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Laszlo Arany¹, Subhamoy Bhattacharya², John H G Macdonald¹, Stephen John Hogan¹•Institutions (2)

University of Bristol¹, University of Surrey²

01 Jan 2017-Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified way of carrying out the design of monopiles based on necessary data (i.e. the least amount of data), namely site characteristics (wind speed at reference height, wind turbulence intensity, water depth, wave height and wave period), turbine characteristics (rated power, rated wind speed, rotor diameter, cut-in and cut-out speed, mass of the rotor-nacelle-assembly) and ground profile (soil stiffness variation with depth and soil stiffness at one diameter depth).

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220 citations

Cites background from "Dynamic soil–structure interaction ..."

...Logarithmic expressions for permanent strains of monopiles have also been proposed by Hettler (1981), Lin and Liao (1999), Verdure et al. (2003), Achmus et al....
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...Further details on the dynamic interaction can be found in (Bhattacharya et al. 2013b; Bhattacharya et al. 2013c; Bhattacharya et al. 2013a; Lombardi et al. 2013; Zania 2014; Damgaard et al. 2014) 2.5 Deformation (SLS Calculations) The stiffness expressions in Table 2 and Table 3 can be easily…...
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...Further details on the dynamic interaction can be found in (Bhattacharya et al. 2013b; Bhattacharya et al. 2013c; Bhattacharya et al. 2013a; Lombardi et al. 2013; Zania 2014; Damgaard et al. 2014)...
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...…wind turbine foundations can be found in Burton et al. (2011); Arany et al. (2015b) The importance of dynamics in foundation design is demonstrated in Bhattacharya (2014), Kühn (1997); Zaaijer (2006); Bhattacharya et al. (2013) Lombardi et al. (2013), Adhikari and Bhattacharya (2012, 2011)....
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...Resonant Column test or Cyclic simple shear test or Cyclic Triaxial test of soil samples can be carried out to predict the long term behaviour using the concept of threshold strain, see Lombardi et al. (2013) for monopiles in cohesive soils....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of foundations of offshore wind energy convertors: Current status and future perspectives

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Ki Yong Oh¹, Woochul Nam¹, Moo Sung Ryu, Ji-Young Kim, Bogdan I. Epureanu¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Chung-Ang University¹

01 May 2018-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, a review of foundations for offshore wind energy convertors considering the significant growth of offshore wind power since the early 2000s is presented, where the characteristics of various foundation types (i.e., gravity, pile, suction caisson, and float type) and current status of field application are discussed.

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Abstract: This paper reviews foundations for offshore wind energy convertors considering the significant growth of offshore wind energy since the early 2000s. The characteristics of various foundation types (i.e., gravity, pile, suction caisson, and float type) and the current status of field application are discussed. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of soil are described in the sense that these characteristics including modulus, strength, damping, and modulus degradation of soil play critical roles for the design of offshore foundations. By using these mechanical properties of soil, theoretical studies to consider structure-soil interaction are classified (into equivalent spring models, distributed spring models, and continuous element models) and explained. Field and laboratory experiments on the response of structure embedded in soil to static and dynamic loads are discussed. Based on the review of previous studies, directions for future research and study on offshore wind turbine are suggested.

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155 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine in clay considering soil–monopile–tower interaction

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Swagata Bisoi¹, Sumanta Haldar¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar¹

01 Aug 2014-Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study on the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbine (OWT) structure supported on monopile foundation in clay is performed using a beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation model.

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153 citations

Cites background or methods from "Dynamic soil–structure interaction ..."

...It is worth to mention, API [35] based p–y curve under cyclic load is pertinent to the small diameter flexible piles and it overestimates the soil reaction at greater depth and underestimates at the top of large diameter monopiles [1,39,40]....
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...of soil at various strain level based on element tests may overcome the limitations of the p–y analysis [1,60], which is deemed to a refinement beyond the scope of this study....
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...[31,1,32,16]....
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...Monopile is a common choice as foundation for offshore wind turbines, as this type of foundation has proved to be economical at shallow water depth [1–5,34]....
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...Furthermore, the fundamental frequency of a system may deviate from the estimated value due to uncertainties in soil condition, installation particularities and stiffness degradation of soil [1,32]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Closed form solution of Eigen frequency of monopile supported offshore wind turbines in deeper waters incorporating stiffness of substructure and SSI

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Laszlo Arany¹, Suby Bhattacharya², John H G Macdonald¹, S. John Hogan•Institutions (2)

University of Bristol¹, University of Surrey²

01 Apr 2016-Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theory is used to obtain the first natural frequency of the whole system using only limited data on the WTG (Wind Turbine Generator), tower dimensions, monopile dimensions and the ground.

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146 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Observed Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction in scale testing of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations

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Subhamoy Bhattacharya¹, Nikolaos Nikitas², J. Garnsey, Nicholas A Alexander³, James A. Cox³, Domenico Lombardi⁴, D. Muir Wood⁵, D.F.T. Nash³ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (5)

University of Surrey¹, University of Leeds², University of Bristol³, Edinburgh Napier University⁴, University of Dundee⁵

01 Nov 2013-Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of small scaled tests (1:100, 1:150 and 1:200) of a complete National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine model on three types of foundations: monopiles, symmetric tetrapod and asymmetric tripods were applied.

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142 citations

Cites background or methods from "Dynamic soil–structure interaction ..."

...where n h , n q and n s are given by equations (18) in Nogami and Novak (1977) and ) ( 1 r q K n , ) ( 1 r s K n , ) ( 0 r q K n and ) ( 0 r s K n are modified Bessel functions of order n ....
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...Foundation-soil interaction resulting from the cyclic/dynamic loading on the foundation Derivation of scaling laws for 1-g modelling of monopile supported wind turbines can be found in Bhattacharya et al (2011), Lombardi et al (2013)....
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The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms

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Peter D. Welch¹•Institutions (1)

IBM¹

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TL;DR: In this article, the use of the fast Fourier transform in power spectrum analysis is described, and the method involves sectioning the record and averaging modified periodograms of the sections.

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Abstract: The use of the fast Fourier transform in power spectrum analysis is described. Principal advantages of this method are a reduction in the number of computations and in required core storage, and convenient application in nonstationarity tests. The method involves sectioning the record and averaging modified periodograms of the sections.

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H. Bolton Seed¹, Izzat M. Idriss¹•Institutions (1)

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01 Sep 1971-Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division

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Abstract: Significant factors affecting the liquefaction (or cyclic mobility) potential of sands during earthquakes are identified, and a simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction potential which will take these factors into account is presented Available field data concerning the liquefaction or nonliquefaction behavior of sands during earthquakes is assembled and compared with evaluations of performance using the simplified procedure It is suggested that even the limited available field data can provide a useful guide to the probable performance of other sand deposits, that the proposed method of presenting the data provides a useful framework for evaluating past experiences of sand liquefaction during earthquakes and that the simplified evaluation procedure provides a reasonably good means for extending previous field observations to new situations When greater accuracy is justified, the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure can readily be supplemented by test data on particular soils or by ground response analyses to provide more definitive evaluations

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2,250 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response

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Mladen Vucetic, Ricardo Dobry

01 Jan 1991-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, a study on the influence of the plasticity index (PI) on the cyclic stress-strain parameters of saturated soils needed for site response evaluations and seismic microzonation is presented.

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Abstract: A study on the influence of the plasticity index (PI) on the cyclic stress‐strain parameters of saturated soils needed for site‐response evaluations and seismic microzonation is presented. Ready‐to‐use charts are included, showing the effect of PI on the location of the modulus reduction curve G/Gmax versus cyclic shear strain γc, and on the material damping ratio λ versus γc curve. The charts are based on experimental data from 16 publications encompassing normally and overconsolidated clays (OCR=1-15), as well as sands. It is shown that PI is the main factor controlling G/Gmax and λ for a wide variety of soils; if for a given γc PI increases, G/Gmax rises and λ is reduced. Similar evidence is presented showing the influence of PI on the rate of modulus degradation with the number of cycles in normally consolidated clays. It is concluded that soils with higher plasticity tend to have a more linear cyclic stress‐strain response at small strains and to degrade less at larger γc than soils with a lower PI. ...

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1,608 citations

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay

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Hudson Matlock¹•Institutions (1)

University of Texas at Austin¹

01 Jan 1970

1,104 citations

Proceedings Article•DOI•

Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Sand

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