E-Accessibility Evaluation of UAE Governmental Websites: Findings and Implications
18 Jun 2019-
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of E-accessibility for the implementation of successful E-Government especially in the United Arab Emirates is explored and a very little importance has been paid to the issues and features of Eaccessibility in developing the governmental websites around UAE and large number of population has been ignored through this way.
Abstract: For successful implementations of E-Government, it is critical that information must be available and accessible to all citizens regardless any disability and physical limitations. The demand for the wider access to government information and promoting awareness among individuals of the society through this information is the fundamental responsibility of the governmental bodies. E-accessibility is about social inclusion and equal opportunities. E-Government is the use of ICT to transform government by making it accessible, available, effective and efficient to make sure the inclusion of all communities in the society. The current number of disable people around the world is far from the imagination. A large number of population cannot access information due to several disabilities and other barriers. The research in this paper attempts to explore the importance of E-accessibility for the implementation of successful E-Government especially in the United Arab Emirates. The research in this paper claims that a very little importance has been paid to the issues and features of E-accessibility in developing the governmental websites around UAE and large number of population has been ignored through this way.
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01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: A comparison study has been conducted on the various usability and evaluation models which help in the identification of an efficient model for assessing and evaluating the usability and security of e-commerce websites.
Abstract: Advancement of the World Wide Web and technological improvement has made a huge revolution in the Internet world, especially in the commercial sector. Although the usage of the Internet for commercial purposes was introduced in the 1994, but the prone to use websites for e-commerce has been increased gradually. Nowadays, websites are considered as an integral part of e-commerce. However, the success rate depends on certain quality issues. In this paper, we mainly focus on two important quality factors namely usability and security, which are considered as the backbone of e-commerce websites. This paper identifies out various attributes for estimating the usability and security aspects of e-commerce websites. A comparison study has been conducted on the various usability and evaluation models which help in the identification of an efficient model for assessing and evaluating the usability and security of e-commerce websites.
10 citations
03 Nov 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the meaning of diversity, equality, and inclusion in the context of accreditation is discussed and the potential benefits for technical professions, future engineers, and ICACIT.
Abstract: Many people enjoy the advantages of digital transformation. However, recent technical advancements, applications, and tools reflect the deficits of society regarding diversity, equality, and inclusion across disciplines and organizations. Fortunately, these three elements may become part of accreditation criteria and processes for engineering, computing, and other programs. Moreover, accreditation bodies, higher education institutions, and educators need to become ready to implement these new criteria. This work addresses the meaning of the three concepts in the context of accreditation. It also emphasizes the potential benefits for technical professions, future engineers, and ICACIT. Therefore, it becomes crucial to outline measures that support the integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion in higher education study programs and global accreditation agencies.
1 citations
03 Nov 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the meaning of diversity, equality, and inclusion in the context of accreditation is discussed and the potential benefits for technical professions, future engineers, and ICACIT.
Abstract: Many people enjoy the advantages of digital transformation. However, recent technical advancements, applications, and tools reflect the deficits of society regarding diversity, equality, and inclusion across disciplines and organizations. Fortunately, these three elements may become part of accreditation criteria and processes for engineering, computing, and other programs. Moreover, accreditation bodies, higher education institutions, and educators need to become ready to implement these new criteria. This work addresses the meaning of the three concepts in the context of accreditation. It also emphasizes the potential benefits for technical professions, future engineers, and ICACIT. Therefore, it becomes crucial to outline measures that support the integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion in higher education study programs and global accreditation agencies.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined whether the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) sufficiently cover users with dyslexia and how usability can be improved for this user group.
Abstract: Abstract Interaction becomes increasingly digital, including interactions with public authorities, requiring websites to be accessible for all. The strong focus on written words in digital interactions allows for assistive technology to improve access for many users. However, it might impede usability for users with reading and writing difficulties. The present paper examines whether guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) sufficiently cover users with dyslexia and how usability can be improved for this user group. This paper expands a previously published version at the Mensch und Computer 2021 conference [1]. Using literature research and interviews with users with dyslexia and focusing on an application of the WCAG on the country level (a German law regulating accessibility for e-government websites), we confirmed and identified gaps in the WCAG for this group. We focus on within-site search, as this function is frequently used to find relevant information, esp. on infrequently visited sites such as e-government websites. Modifications to improve search were developed based on literature and the results of the interviews. They were empirically evaluated in an online study with 31 users with dyslexia and 71 without. Results indicate that an auto-complete function, a search that compensates for spelling errors, an indicator that the search was corrected, search term summary information, and avoidance of capital letters were useful for both groups, while wider line spacing should only be used in end-user customization.
TL;DR: The article examines the foreign experience of creating comfortable conditions for electronic interaction of citizens with the government and lists the main errors in the development of interfaces and functionality of government websites and portals.
Abstract: The convenience and accessibility of e-government services largely determines the success in building/making/creating trusting online relationships with the population and reduces the inequality between different categories of citizens in terms of using online communications with public authorities. The purpose of the research is to identify the main flaws and problems in ensuring convenient and accessible use of public service portals by citizens on the basis of scientific and practical literature and to find approaches to their elimination. The article examines the foreign experience of creating comfortable conditions for electronic interaction of citizens with the government and lists the main errors in the development of interfaces and functionality of government websites and portals. In accordance with the international standards WCAG 2.1, the authors define the key criteria for the convenience and accessibility of web resources. Then they evaluate the compliance of the Gosuslugi web-portal with the formulated requirements and give recommendations on possible ways to improve Russian e-government web resources.
References
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TL;DR: Different stages of e-government development are described and a ‘stages of growth’ model for fully functional e-Government is proposed, which outlines the multi-perspective transformation within government structures and functions as they make transitions to e- government through each stage.
2,493 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 covers a wide range of recommendations for making Web content more accessible to a wider range of people with disabilities, including blindness and low vision, deafness and hearing loss, learning disabilities, limited movement, and more.
Abstract: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 covers a wide range of recommendations for making Web content more accessible. Following these guidelines will make content accessible to a wider range of people with disabili ties, including blindness and low vision, deafness and hearing loss, learning disabilities, c ognitive limitations, limited movement,
1,077 citations
Book•
24 Jul 2006
TL;DR: The impact of web accessibility Implementing accessible websites Accessibility law and policy is studied.
Abstract: The impact of web accessibility Implementing accessible websites Accessibility law & policy
182 citations
"E-Accessibility Evaluation of UAE G..." refers methods in this paper
...A policy formed by the Canadian government for federal government’s organizations in May 2000 states that “federal government must comply with the standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines to the checkpoints of Priority 1 and Priority 2” [22]....
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TL;DR: The study found that broad e-governance, e-knowledge, and e-service functions were implemented at sites of national, costal, and inland government units, and suggested that China may have begun to achieve its goals of facilitating government functions via the Internet.
Abstract: The Chinese government has actively encouraged and invested in the growth of the Internet to capture the technology's vast commercial potential, while exerting state control. Even before the country was fully connected to the global “network of networks,” China began to implement programs that would facilitate e-government. Despite some valuable examinations of e-government in China, no studies were found that systematically explored the content of both national and provincial Chinese government Web sites. This study fills that gap in the literature by analyzing the content of the opening pages of 177 government Web sites. The study found that broad e-governance, e-knowledge, and e-service functions were implemented at sites of national, costal, and inland government units. Generally, national and costal sites were more sophisticated, but inland sites seemed designed to meet the specific needs of government, citizens, and businesses in inland areas. The coding form and method designed for analyzing these sites holds promise for future researchers and the findings suggest that China may have begun to achieve its goals of facilitating government functions via the Internet.
66 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explain the evolution of e-government as a result of pressures from the administrative apparatus of government and from the expectations of stakeholders involved in the policy process such as citizens, politicians, and businesses.
Abstract: In general terms, e-government can be defined as the use of information and communication technologies in government settings. However, it is neither a homogeneous nor a static phenomenon. In recent years, empirical studies have identified two interesting dynamics in e-government evolution. First, e-government has evolved from its initial presence on the Internet to a more transactional and integrated approach. Second, at the aggregate level and as a general trend, national governments have started adding technological sophistication and have been followed by state and local governments. This paper attempts to explain these two dynamics in the evolution of e-government as a result of pressures from the administrative apparatus of government and from the expectations of stakeholders involved in the policy process such as citizens, politicians, and businesses. Both forces promote change in the system of rules governing the design, implementation, and use of egovernment initiatives. Some policy implications are provided at the end of the paper.
38 citations
"E-Accessibility Evaluation of UAE G..." refers background in this paper
...Number of approaches toward understanding electronic government has been presented [1], [2], [3] and [4]....
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